一个探索性的商业模式创新理论框架 ――基于质性案例研究的元综合
A Theoretical Framework of Business Model Innovation ―Insights from a meta？？synthesis of qualitative case studies

目前对商业模式创新的研究仍然缺乏一个揭示创新过程与内在机理的理论框架。基于中国企业商业模式创新的17个案例研究,采用质性案例研究的元综合方法,提炼出了商业模式创新的两种基本模式――战略引导型与创业响应型,进而构建了一个商业模式创新的理论框架。这一框架整合了商业模式创新的前因变量、调节变量、商业模式创新与技术创新的协同机制以及创新效应,为理论发展和实践应用提供了更为整体和动态的分析视角。其主要思想是:组织实施商业模式创新主要源于环境的激励,如竞争压力、客户需求和政府鼓励等,这种创新的动力也可能来自组织自身对市场机会的主动追求。从过程视角指出,战略引导型的商业模式创新更适宜于战略协整性的过程,而创业响应型的商业模式创新更适宜于演进适应性的过程。其实践启示在于:对不同产业的商业模式进行移植是实现商业模式创新的重要形式之一,组织需要结合商业模式创新与技术创新才可能保持竞争优势,实现组织绩效的高速增长与稳定成长需要各自遵循战略引导型和创业响应型两种不同的商业模式创新逻辑。
Current researches still lack a theoretical framework to explain business model innovation (BMI) process and mechanism. Based on 17 case studies published on 14 management journals about Chinese enterprises’ BMI, this paper uses the meta？？synthesis approach of qualitative case studies to reveal two fundamental modes of BMI, strategic orientating and entrepreneurial responding, and puts forward an integrative theoretical framework for BMI. This framework integrates the antecedents and moderators of BMI, and includes the synergy mechanism and innovative effects of BMI and technological innovation. This framework provides a more holistic and dynamic analytical perspective for theory and practice. The main idea of this this framework is that the organization and implementation of BMI are mainly because of environmental incentives, such as competitive pressure, customer demand and government encouragement, and the motivation of such innovation may also come from the organization’s own initiative to pursue market opportunities. From the perspective of process, it points out that the strategic orientating model innovation is more suitable for the process of strategic co？？integration, while the entrepreneurial responding model innovation is more suitable for the process of evolution and adaptability. The managerial implications of this framework are that the transformation of business models in different industries is an important way to realize BMI, that organizations need to combine BMI and technological innovation to maintain sustainable competitive advantages, and that to achieve rapid performance growth and stable firm growth the organization requires following strategic orientating and entrepreneurial responding respectively in terms of business model innovation logic