凝水膨胀充填复合材料的配比优化与形成机制凝水膨胀充填复合材料的配比优化与形成机制
Formulation optimization and formation mechanism of condensate expansion and filling composites

针对磷石膏堆存所产生的环境污染问题和目前矿山充填材料存在充填成本高、水泥等固体物料耗量大、充填体无法结顶等问题，本文通过正交试验极差分析、方差分析、多元非线性回归分析及数据可视化手段进行配比优化，制备了一种新型凝水膨胀充填复合材料，并采用XRD、SEM等微观分析手段对其形成机制进行了研究。发现该材料主要由半水磷石膏（HPG）、非晶相凝水剂（SAP）、气相引入剂（GPA）、表面疏水剂（HA）四种物料构成，形成的充填体为固、液、气三相，突出特点是在非固相体积率87.6%条件下可凝固，3天抗压强度可达1.6 MPa、膨胀率可达11%以上、在水中浸泡90天其抗压强度基本稳定。微观分析结果表明：SAP在其中的作用是形成凝水膨胀充填复合材料非晶相凝水颗粒，GPA的主要作用是在充填体内引入气相空腔，HA主要用于在充填体表面形成疏水效应，使充填体具备长期耐水性能。 In view of the environmental pollution problems caused by the piling up of phosphogypsum and the problems of high filling cost, large amount of cement or other solid materials, and the filling body is unable to contact the top, therefore, a new type of complex phase condensate expansion was prepared. The filling material was optimized by orthogonal test range analysis, variance analysis, multivariate nonlinear regression analysis and data visualization, its formation mechanism was also studied by means of microscopic analysis such as XRD and SEM and so on. The filling composite material is mainly composed of four kinds of materials, namely hemihydrate phosphogypsum (HPG), amorphous phase condensate (SAP), gas phase introduction agent (GPA) and surface hydrophobicity (HA). The filling body is three-phase with solid, liquid and gas. The prominent feature is solidifying under the condition of non-solid volume rate of 87.6%, the compressive strength of 3 days can reach to 1.6 MPa, the expansive rate is above 11%, and the compressive strength is basically stable under the condition of soaking in water for 90 days. The result of microscopic analysis shows that the effect of the SAP is to form the amorphous phase condensate particles, which is a kind of the complex condensate filling material. The main function of the GPA is to introduce the gas phase cavity in the filling body, and the HA is mainly used to form the hydrophobic effect on the surface of the filling body, so that the filling body can be resistant to water for a long time. 国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0602903）；国家自然科学基金（51674012