玄武岩短纤维-芳纶浆粕/氯丁橡胶复合材料的制备与性能
Preparation and properties of basalt short fiber-aramid pulp/chloroprene rubber composites

以氯丁橡胶（CR）为基体，改性玄武岩短纤维（BSF）和芳纶浆粕（AP）作为增强相，制备了高强度、高模量的BSF-AP/CR复合材料，系统地研究了BSF和AP对BSF-AP/CR复合材料基本物理性能、动态力学性能和动刚度的影响。采用超声波辅助γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）对BSF进行了改性，通过FTIR测试显示KH550与BSF表面基团发生了反应。通过SEM观察发现，改性BSF与CR界面相容性较好，易于分散和取向，而AP锚固在CR基体中，取向度不如BSF高；随着BSF与AP质量比值减小，BSF-AP/CR复合材料的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和屈挠性能降低，耐撕裂性能和耐磨性能变好。采用弹性体材料测试系统（MTS）测试复合材料的动刚度。结果表明，BSF与AP质量比越小，BSF-AP/CR复合材料的动刚度越大，说明AP对BSF-AP/CR复合材料动刚度贡献大。动态力学性能显示，AP用量越多，BSF-AP/CR复合材料的储能模量（G'）越高，Payne效应越明显，而阻尼因子越小，说明AP有良好的模量-滞后平衡效应。当BSF与AP质量比为10：10时，BSF-AP/CR复合材料的综合性能较好。 The modified basalt short fiber (BSF) and aramid pulp (AP) were used to reinforce chloroprene rubber (CR) to obtain BSF-AP/CR composites with high modulus and strength. The effects of BSF and AP on the basic physical properties, dynamic mechanical properties and dynamic stiffness of the BSF-AP/CR composites were systematically studied. FTIR tests show that the γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) is reacted with the surface groups of BSF, and the SEM observation finds that the BSF has good compatibility with rubber, easy to disperse and orientate, while the AP is anchored in the rubber matrix, and the orientation degree is worse than that of BSF. With the decrease of the mass ratio of BSF to AP, the tensile strength, elongation at break and flexural properties of the BSF-AP/CR composites reduce, but the tear strength and wear resistance are improved. The dynamic stiffness of the BSF-AP/CR composites was tested by elastomer material testing system (MTS). The MTS shows that the lower the mass ratio of BSF and AP is, the greater the dynamic stiffness of BSF-AP/CR composites is, indicating AP contributes greatly to the dynamic stiffness of BSF-AP/CR composites. The dynamic mechanical properties reveals that the more the amount of AP is, the higher the storage modulus (G') of BSF-AP/CR composites is and the more obvious Payne effect is however, the smaller the damping factor is, indicating that AP has good modulus lag balance effect. When the mass ratio of BSF to AP is 10:10, there is better comprehensive performance for the BSF-AP/CR composites. 国家自然科学基金（51703110）；山东省自然科学基金（ZR2017LB015）；青岛市生态化工省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金（KF1704