商业建筑室内地震应急避难场所空间设计
Spatial Design of Indoor Earthquake Emergency Shelter in Commercial Buildings

城市商业建筑避难所对保障人们生命安全和财产非常重要。室内应急避难所的空间布局和责任分区是一个涉及人口密集程度、建筑内环境、疏散方式和商业场所的适应性等因素的问题，我国针对该项目的设计和研究尚不完善，这对商业建筑受灾时人员的安全有很大威胁。本文提出商业建筑室内地震应急避难场所空间设计，从疏散效率角度出发，设计一个以P-中值模型为基础的避难所最佳分区模型，通过对模型分析和计算，得出商业建筑隔震层的最佳位置，在确定隔震层位置后，对应急避难所的室内空间进行设计，最后通过分析避难所的可达性，判定该避难所设计是否合理。通过仿真实验验证，本文设计的应急避难所辐射面积广，服务人数较大，总体性能较好，可为商业建筑避难设计领域提供有力的帮助。
To ensure public safety and protect property, the presence of urban commercial building shelters is very important. Decisions regarding the spatial layout of and division of responsibility for indoor emergency shelters involve several factors, i.e., population density, building environment, evacuation methods, and so on. To date in China, the design of these shelters and research in their regard has been limited, and the safety of personnel in commercial building is at stake. In this paper, we propose a spatial design for indoor earthquake emergency shelters located in commercial buildings. To realize evacuation efficiency, we designed an optimal zoning model for a shelter based on the P-median model. After model calculation and analysis, we obtained the optimal position of the isolation layer in a commercial building, and designed the interior space of an emergency shelter. Lastly, we determined the practicality of the design by analyzing the accessibility of the shelter. The results of the simulation experiment prove that the emergency shelter designed in this study is accessible to a wide urban area, can serve a large number of people, and demonstrates good performance