Acquired Cystic Renal Disease in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Cross Sectional Study Highlighting the Association of Cyst with Hematological and Demographic Parameters

Background: Acquired renal cyst is a condition, resulting from chronic kidney disease of any cause and is usually defined as more than three to five macro cysts in each kidney of a patient who does not have a hereditary cause of cystic kidney disease. It occurs in patients who receive long-term Hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and depends on the duration of dialysis. Objective: To detect cystic masses in kidney using ultrasound in patients who have been on dialysis for long time and to determine the association between various demographic and hematological parameters and presence of cysts. Methods: An observational study was carried out at Tabba Kidney Institute from January to August, 2017. Using convenience sampling technique, a total of 125 patients were enrolled in these studies that were on maintenance Hemodialysis for five or more years. 8 patients were excluded from the study because of incomplete data and noncooperation. The data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire while base line blood work up was done as well. The presence of cyst was observed by ultrasonography. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Chisquare test was employed with the significance level set at 0.05. Results: Out of the total of 117 patients: The study results showed a significant association of age and duration of Hemodialysis with presence of cysts where those patients who were between 26-50 years of age (p=0.031) and had Hemodialysis for 6-10 years (p=0.001) were more likely to develop cysts. Out of 70 patients who were having cysts 38(54.3 %) patients were having the hemoglobin level of less than 12gm %, whereas 32(45.7 %) patients were having the hemoglobin level of more than 12 gm %. No significant association was found between gender, hemoglobin levels and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and presence of cysts. Conclusion: This study results reveal that patients who were older or had longer duration of dialysis were more likely to develop renal cysts which increase in number and laterality with time. Both genders were equally prone to develop renal cyst after dialysis. Conversely around 50 % of the patients with increase hemoglobin levels were having the cyst. Key words: Acquired cystic renal disease; Hemodialysis patients; cross-sectional study