Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of posttraumatic lesions of the posterior segment

Purpose: To determine the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of post-traumatic lesions of the posterior segment. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted during the period from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013.We identified the records of patients with post-traumatic lesions (nonsurgical) of the posterior segment. Results: Injuries accounted for 7.05% of consultations including 9.3% interesting the posterior segment. The mean age was 23.14 years. The age group of 16- 45 years was the most affected with 56.14% of cases. The sex ratio was 6.13. More than 25% of patients had consulted more than a year after the trauma. The decrease in visual acuity was the most frequent reason for consultation with 96.49% of cases. Circumstances of trauma were dominated by brawls. Metal objects and stone jets were the most common causal agents. Closed globe injuries represented 44 cases (77.19%). In these cases the lesions of the posterior segment were dominated by retinal detachment (36.37%) followed by fibrous vitreous organizations (29.55%). In open globe injuries, the lesions of the posterior segment were dominated by retinal detachment (61.54%), followed by vitreous hemorrhage (30.77%) We noted as complications and sequelae two cases of endophthalmitis, 13 adhesions iridocristalliniennes and 2 cases of ocular phtyse. Ten patients (17.54%) were hospitalized. Nineteen patients had medical and surgical treatment. Among them, eight patients had ocular suture, and nine patients, cataract surgery. Two patients had a vitrectomy, and one patient had a scleral buckling. The final visual acuity could be assessed only in 24 cases (42.10%). It was superior or equal to 5/10th in one case (4.2%), and less than 1/10th in 23 cases (95.8%). Conclusion: Post-traumatic lesions of the posterior segment are varied and can cause significant anatomical and functional impact. Their care remains difficult. Increased awareness of the population would reduce the incidence and improve the coverage. Keywords: Post-traumatic lesions; Posterior segmen