Development of Printable Natural Cartilage Matrix Bioink for 3D Printing of Irregular Tissue Shape

Bioink printability testing. A–F Extrusion testing and G measurement of viscosity of CAM-silk bioinks. A 8% silk fibroin–only and B 5% CAM-silk, C 10% CAM-silk, D 15% CAM-silk, E 18% CAM-silk and F 20% CAM-silk bioinks. The silk-only and 5, 10, and 15% CAM-silk bioinks could not be stacked layer by layer. In contrast, 18 and 20% CAM-silk bioinks could be extruded as a fine-resolution filament. Yellow arrows indicate the disconnected extruding lines of bioink. G Viscosity increased gradually with the amount of CAM added into the silk solution (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001