Analgesic Effects of Ketamine, Magnesium Sulfate, and Sodium-Thiopental on Propofol Injection Pain: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Propofol is one of the most frequently used medications for inducing and maintaining anesthesia. However, propofol injection causes pain and discomfort in more than 70% of patients. This study was performed to determine the comparative effects of ketamine, sodium-thiopental, and magnesium sulfate on reducing pain at the onset of anesthesia induced by propofol injection