Nano-mechanical characterization of the wood cell wall by AFM studies: comparison between AC- and QI？ mode

Basic flow chart of the measurement routine. a A tip and resolution test specimen is scanned. b The wood sample is scanned, E earlywood, L latewood. c The tip and resolution test specimen is scanned again. d A stiffness test specimen is scanned and the tip radius is fitted to the stiffness of the polystyrene. e The Young’s Modulus can be calculated for the wood sample by fitting (dotted black line) the trace curve (red) with the Derjaguin–Müller–Toporov model (blue, retrace curve