Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system

Schematic illustration of the treatment plant process and sampling points in the distribution network. Locations of DP1, 2 and 3 are not to scale. Distance and time for the water to reach the sampling location from the treatment plant, and types of samples taken on each day, are indicated. In the first 37 days after UF installation, a small fraction of water bypassed the filter, and was used for pH adjustment. After day 37, pH was adjusted using water from UF permeate. RF rapid sand filter, ST storage tank, DWTP drinking water treatment plan