Enhanced co-registration methods to improve intracranial electrode contact localization

Electrode contact locations are important when planning tailored brain surgeries to identify pathological tissue targeted for resection and conversely avoid eloquent tissue. Current methods employ trained experts to use neuroimaging scans that are manually co-registered and localize contacts within ~2？mm. Yet, the state of the art is limited by either the expertise needed for each type of intracranial electrode or the inter-modality co-registration which increases error, reducing accuracy. Patients often have a variety of strips, grids and depths implanted; therefore, it is cumbersome and time-consuming to apply separate localization methods for each type of electrode, requiring expertise across different approaches