Intraoperative monitoring of neuromuscular function with soft, skin-mounted wireless devices

Wearable biosensing system in a soft, stretchable design. a Exploded view schematic illustration of the key mechanical and electrical components of the system. b Illustration of the biostamp fully assembled and encapsulated with soft elastomeric materials (scale bar: 1？cm). c Biostamp held in stretched, twisted, and bent geometries. d Simplified cross-sectional schematic of the electronics, core and shell encapsulation layers. e Computational results for interfacial stresses exerted on the skin in response to 20% tensile stretch. The shear and normal stresses vary with the thickness of the core layer (hcore: 0.5, 1.5, 2.5？mm). f Spatial distribution of strain in the circuit components for different levels of uniaxial stretching, for different values of hcor