Redox-active conducting polymers modulate Salmonella biofilm formation by controlling availability of electron acceptors

Chemical structures and electrochemical redox reactions in conducting polymers. a Chemical structure of the conducting polymer polyacetylene (left) and its resonance hybrid (right) depicting the overlapped p-orbitals of the resultant conjugated system. b Flux of ions in a conducting polymer-based electrochemical cell. M+ and X？ represent positively and negatively charged ions, respectively. The blue color of the anode and purple color of the cathode represent the electrochromism effect occurring in the oxidized and reduced conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). c Chemical structure of PEDOT. d Chemical structure of heparin. e Chemical structure of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDBS