Human snoRNA-93 is processed into a microRNA-like RNA that promotes breast cancer cell invasion

SdRNAs are specifically processed from annotated snoRNA loci. a Transcripts arising from various annotated snoRNA loci have now been definitively shown to participate in at least two distinct noncoding RNA regulatory pathways. Individual loci can produce snoRNAs functioning exclusively as either a traditional RNA editor (right) or as a functional miRNA precursor (left) while some loci have now been confirmed to produce transcripts at times engaging in both types of noncoding RNA regulation (center) (reviewed in ref. 5). MiRNA-like excision products are illustrated in black (left and center) as excision products of primary transcript. Complementary RNA editing targets are shown in red (right and center). b The most thermodynamically stable secondary structures of putative sdRNA producing snoRNAs with sdRNA sequences highlighted in green as calculated by Mfold.53 Common name and Ensembl gene id for putatively processed snoRNAs are listed below corresponding structures. “Hits” refer to the number of times fragments of putative sdRNA producing snoRNAs perfectly aligned to small RNA-seq reads from individual SRA datasets. Numbers preceding total numbers of hits correspond to the number of times positions highlighted in green (putative sdRNAs) perfectly aligned to small RNA-seq reads (e.g., 1555 of 1581 small RNA reads aligning to snoRNA-1b corresponded to the sequence highlighted in green). c Alignment between the human genome (GRCh38:7:22856601:22856699:1) (top), snoRNA-93 (ENSG00000221740) (middle), and next generation small RNA sequence read (bottom) obtained by Illumina sequencing of MDA-MB-231 RNA is shown. All sequences are in the 5′ to 3′ direction. An asterisk indicates base identity between the snoRNA and genome. Vertical lines indicate identity across all three sequence