Epigenetic inhibition of Wnt pathway suppresses osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during osteoporosis

a Representative micro-CT images of distal femur of sham and OVX mice 2 months after OVX surgery. The structural parameters including bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tb. N), trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), cortical thickness and cortical area were measured. Scale bar: 1？mm (n？=？4 mice for each group). b Representative images of calcein double labeling in trabecular bone (TB) and periosteal bone (PB) of sham and OVX mice. The mineral apposition rate (MAR) and bone formation rate per unit of bone surface (BFR/BS) in trabecular bone and periosteal bone was quantified using image-pro plus software. Scale bar: 50？μm (n？=？4 mice for each group). c Alizarin red staining showed the mineralized nodules formed by sham and OVX BMSCs. Quantification was performed using cetylpyridinium chloride (n？=？3 cultures for each group). In a–c, data are presented as mean？±？SD. *P？<？0.05, **P？<？0.01, ***P？<？0.001 (Student’s t-test