Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and Fas/Fas ligand signaling pathways in chronic spontaneous urticaria

TNF-α concentrations in subjects with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and the healthy subject. TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in CSU subjects and moderate-to-severe CSU than in the controls (p？<？0.05). There were no significant differences between mild and moderate-severe CSU, and between mild CSU and the control