Rumen Evolution of Circadian Physiology: A Pragmatic Science

Abstract This article elaborates on discovering circadian rhythmicity of rumen microbial characteristics including pH, osmolarity, volatile fatty acids production and absorption capacity, lactate utilization capability, rumen liquid and solids volume and pool, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency, and microbial population diversity and variations. The evolution of ruminants on nature and during modernization has shaped such circadian properties of the rumen microbial ecology. Insights into such evolutionary microbial exclusivities can greatly help develop innovative pragmatic strategies to minimize risks of metabolic disorders and improve farm economics and environmental quality measures