公共舆论中的情绪、偏见及“聚合的奇迹” ——从“后真相”概念说起
The Emotions, Prejudices and “the Miracle of Aggregation” in the Public Opinion: from the Concept of the “Post-truth”

摘要 理解“后真相”的关键点不能仅仅局限于情感与事实孰轻孰重，而应将情感与理性 的关系置于历史长河中，并对不同的政治生态下情感的功能进行比较分析，对其合理定 位，才能把握其实质。事实上，在西方民主选举过程中，选民的情绪、偏见和无知乃 是常态，虽然看似荒谬，却在相互博弈中实现了“情感补偿”，形成了“隐形”的权力 分散机制，产生了“聚合的奇迹”效果。中国公共舆论中的情绪化表达虽然具备“后真 相”的某些外在特征，却与西方国家的逻辑有所不同，它源于理性化不足的 “倒逼”效 应，情感被视为一种可动员的社会资源。因此，情感并不是事实的对立面，它是认知心 理和理性系统的构成要件，是社会动员和社会整合的一种资源。我们需要辩证看待情感 之“隐藏”功能，以此来洞察人性，把握社会政治生态的“变”与“不变”之规律。
The key point of understanding the “post-truth” should not only rest on the pros and cons of emotion and fact, but also put the relationship between emotion and rationality into the long history and different political ecosystems, and give a reasonable orientation to the function of emotion to grasp the essence of the post-truth. Actually, public’s emotions, prejudices and ignorance are normal phenomenon in Western democratic elections. Although seemingly absurd, they have realized “emotional compensation” in the campaign, forming an “invisible” power decentralization mechanism and producing “the miracle of aggregation” effect. Even though the emotional expression in Chinese public opinion has some characteristics of “post-truth”, it is totally different from western logic. It stems from irrational emotional “forced” effect, and emotion is regarded as a kind of social resource that can be mobilized. Therefore, emotion is not the opposite of truth, it is a part of cognitive psychology, a component of rational system, and a resource of social mobilization and social integration. We need to examine the “hidden” function of emotions in a dialectical way to gain insight into humanity and grasp the law of “The Change” and “Unchange” in social and political ecology