温室气体全球变暖潜值的实验法评测
Evaluation of Global Warming Potential for Greenhouse Gases by Experimental Method

本文通过搭建了一套模拟温室气体与大气中OH自由基等活性物种反应的实验装置，用以研究其大气化学特性，进而对全球变暖潜值（GWP）等环境影响指标进行评测。采用此套装置，通过相对速率法测定了常见制冷剂R152a与OH自由基在298 K的反应速率常数为3.3×10–14 cm3/(molecule?s)，同时得到其红外吸收光谱。根据测试结果并利用现有计算模型得到大气寿命为1.4年，辐射效率（RE）为0.099 W/(m2?ppb)，20年、100年和500年GWP分别为：474，129和37，与IPCC-AR5报告中的数据测试在误差范围内，差异小于7%。
At present, the international community pays more attention on global warming issue caused by the increased emissions of greenhouse gases. In this study, we establish a set of simulated atmospheric experimental devices to investigate the reactions of greenhouse gases with OH radicals or other atmospheric oxidants and evaluate their atmospheric chemistry implications, e.g., global warming potential (GWP). To estimate the accuracy of the experimental devices, the reaction rate constant of 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a) with OH radicals is measured using the relative rate method, and the infrared spectrum is obtained. The ks of R152a with OH radicals are found to be (3.3 ± 0.1) × 10–14 cm3 /(molecule?s) at 298 K and (2.27 ± 0.04) × 10–14 cm3 /(molecule?s) at 272 K. The atmospheric lifetime and radiative efficiency (RE) are then estimated as 1.4 years and 0.099 W/(m2?ppb), respectively. The GWPs (time horizons of 20, 50, and 100 years) are estimated at 474, 129, and 37, respectively. Our GWP values are in good agreement with those from IPCC-AR5 (discrepancy is less than 7%), which indicates the high reliability of our experimental apparatus