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-  2018 

Arsenic concentrations and speciation in Australian and imported rice and commercial rice products

DOI: 10.1071/EN18073

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Abstract:

Environmental context. In countries where inhabitants are not exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, food is the major source of potentially toxic inorganic arsenic. To complement the existing worldwide dataset on arsenic in rice, data are presented on Australian- and overseas-grown rice, and assessed in terms of possible risk. Only a diet comprising multiple serves of some rice products per day poses a potential risk to young children. Abstract. Arsenic concentrations and speciation measurements were determined for six varieties of Australian-grown rice (n?=?130), imported rice (n?=?53) and rice products (n?=?56) from supermarkets. Total As, inorganic As and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) concentrations in Australian rice ranged from 16 to 630?μg As kg?1 (mean?±?s.d.: 220?±?122?μg?kg?1), 16 to 250?μg As kg?1 (92?±?52?μg As kg?1) and <5 to 432?μg As kg?1 (125?±?109?μg As kg?1), respectively. Total As, inorganic As and DMA concentrations in imported rice ranged between 31 and 376?μg As kg?1 (130?±?98?μg?kg?1), 17 and 198?μg As kg?1 (73?±?40?μg As kg?1) and <5 and 327?μg As kg?1 (84?±?92?μg As kg?1) respectively. Few samples exceeded the guidelines for inorganic As in polished rice. In rice products, total As, inorganic As and DMA concentrations ranged between 21 and 480?μg As kg?1 (160?±?110?μg As kg?1), 20 and 255?μg As kg?1 (92?±?78?μg As kg?1) and <5 and 340?μg As kg?1 (65?±?69?μg As kg?1) respectively. Sixteen samples exceeded the 100?μg?kg?1 maximum for inorganic As concentration in rice foods for infants and young children. Ingestion of multiple serves of some rice products poses a potential risk. Environmental chemistry gaps, on processes influencing As occurrence in rice, are discussed.

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