Hepatic Metabolomics Profiling of Cyprinus Carpio After Acute Cypermethrin Toxicity - Hepatic Metabolomics Profiling of Cyprinus Carpio After Acute Cypermethrin Toxicity - Open Access Pub

In the current study, The GC-MS metabolomics approach was used to evaluate the effect of cypermethrin on the metabolic profile in liver tissue of common carp fish. Fish were exposed to low and high concentrations of cypermethrin (0.1 and 1 μg/L respectively) for 24 and 96 h with subsequent PCA analysis to illustrate the response of the metabolic system after exposure to the pyrethroid. Cypermethrin induced obvious alteration in the intermediates of TCA cycle and encouraged consumption of non-carbohydrate sources in liver at all-time points. Additionally, cypermethrin exposure reduced the level of several amino acids and induced damage to the nucleotides reflecting the effect of cypermethrin on purine metabolism. GC-MS based metabolomics approach is a new and powerful tool to understand the toxicological effects and the underlying mechanism of cypermethrin on fish. DOI10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-18-2455 Pyrethroids are synthetic organic insecticides that are extensively used worldwide due to their low toxicity to mammals and effective insecticidal action comparing to organophosphorus compounds and other insecticides 1. On the other side, these chemicals have high aquatic toxicity because the ability of fish to metabolize and eliminate such xenobiotics is limited 2. Pyrethroids are classified into two types; type I and type II depending on their chemical structure. Cypermethrin is a common use highly active type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that is chemically modified via the addition of α-cyano group at the phenoxybenzyl alcohol moiety resulting in improving of its photo-stability and potentiating of its toxicity than that of type I. Cypermethrin caused behavioural changes together with alterations in nitrogen, nucleic acid and acetylcholine esterase activity 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Previous studies illustrated the toxic effects of cypermethrin in fish, but there are only few reports demonstrated the metabolic disorders in the whole body. Recently, metabolomics have been used for comprehensively understand the response of fish to various environmental pollutants such as butachlor 8, 2,4 dichlorophenol 9, fluoxetine 10, epoxiconazole 11, diclofenac 12 and short-chain chlorinated paraffins 13. Metabolomics techniques have been providing new possibilities to unravel the modes of action of chemicals 14, besides discovery of new biomarkers 15. Metabolomics based toxicity evaluations are very effective to detect the effect of environmental toxicants even at very low concentrations. The metabolic stress is the first response to physical and chemical stressors;