Canine Periosteal Osteosarcoma - Canine Periosteal Osteosarcoma - Open Access Pub

Periosteal osteosarcoma is an uncommon primary malignant bone tumor in dogs and humans. This type of tumor is one of the four variants of osteosarcoma. The main feature is a superficial lesion without evidence of bone marrow involvement. The treatment usually performed is limb amputation. There is insufficient data on long-term disease-free time, surgical resection or local recurrence in dogs. The present review aims to gather information on periosteal osteosarcoma in dogs DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-17-1574 The osteosarcoma in dogs and in humans share several clinical and biological similarities 1, 2. Due to the implantation ability of the distant tumor cells from the original tumor, the patients affected by this tumor die as a result of lung metastases. Regarding all the aspects given, the treatment becomes challenging for veterinary oncologists 2. Some years ago, among all the varieties of osteosarcoma that have been described, the periosteal osteosarcoma was identified 3, 4. Periosteal osteosarcoma is an unusual primary malignant bone tumor and is a variant of osteosarcoma. The major feature of periosteal osteosarcoma is surface lesion without evidence of medullary involvement 5, 4. However, there have been some reports describing periosteal osteosarcoma involving the bone marrow 4. This tumor occurs in a specific anatomical position. Clinical history, radiographic characteristics and different prognosis differ the periosteal osteosarcoma from the parosteal osteosarcoma, central osteosarcoma, and even from conventional high-grade osteosarcoma that occurs in the periosteal region 6, 7. In veterinary oncology, studies involving periosteal osteosarcoma in dogs are scarce. The aim of this review was to describe the clinical appearance, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare tumor in dogs in order to stimulate an accurate investigation of this tumor. Predisposing Situations The pathogenesis of osteosarcoma is not fully understood but multiple factors may promote its development, such as sex, body weight and age 8, 2. Dogs of large and giant breeds with more than 40 kg of body weight have superior tendency than smaller dogs (less than 15 kg) in developing this tumor 9, 2. Several studies stated that this tumor tends to develop more frequently in males than in females 10, 8, 2. Chronic Lesions Metal implants that remain in the body for many years after orthopedic procedures have been associated with the development of osteosarcoma in dogs 11, 8. This fact may explain the occurrence of infections, instability, and corrosion at the implant site by the