NIRS Footprint of Bio-fertilizers From Hay Litter-bags - NIRS Footprint of Bio-fertilizers From Hay Litter-bags - Open Access Pub

The biofertilization of cropsusing microbial biota in the soil (MBS) is a modern practice that is used to sustain fertility. MBS agents can promote the yield and health of crops, by luxuriating in the shoot as well as in the root systems. Farmers devoted to systematic MBS fertilization are creating a “Symbiotic” (S) form of agriculture, which offers a greater advantage of resilience than Conventional (C) or organic farming. Since MBS is involved in organic matter degradation, hay-litter-bag probes can be used to reflect a global functionality of the active soil, in the short-medium term. It is here shown that the NIRS hay-litter-bag technique, intended not as mass decay but as a quality evolution of the hay probes, can be modelled as a valid footprint of S vs. C soils. A patented MBS was used in eight experiments in which litter-bags from an S treated thesis were compared with equivalent litter-bags from a non-inoculated C thesis. The chemical signature of the S vs. C in the litter-bag composition was a percentage decrease of sugars and fibres. A smart NIRS device was used to discriminate the origin of the S vs. C litter-bags and a sensitivity of 71% (P<0.0001) was obtained. External validations on 37 S farms showed that three NIRS models discriminated the true positive S spectra, with a sensitivity of 90% as single and 98% as compound probabilities The NIRS radiation of the hay-litter-bags confirmed the results of the S vs. C agriculture soil footprint. Moreover, the SCIO-NIR devices also made it possible to connect the S farms in a smart network. DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-18-2084 Biofertilizer arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are prominent protagonists in the sustainability search for global agriculture 1, also concerning the horizons of the BioAg Alliance 2and Engineering 3. Their potential can be spread to the different agricultural systems described by Narain 4, thanks to the properties of resilience inductors 5. A meta-analysis of ？eld studies on the responses of wheat to AMF 6 has highlighted that ？eld AMF inoculation can be proposed as an effective agronomic practice for wheat production, with aboveground biomass increases of around 20%, as assessed under Indian 7and in high 8,9 or low 10Italian input conditions. AMF phenotypes are expressed in accord to the Law of the Minimum 11. Phosphorus acquisition efficiency is the key feature 12,13, but Thirkell et al. 14 managed to resolve the paradox of nitrogen: while N-mineral fertilization has been shown to elicit luxuriating and strong