Microrna: New Era For Therapeutic Strategy in Ischaemic Heart Disease - Microrna: New Era For Therapeutic Strategy in Ischaemic Heart Disease - Open Access Pub

Over the last few decades, many research works highlighted the role of miRNAs on cardiac diseases. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or coronary heart disease is a condition that is mainly caused by atherosclerosis. It has been established that microribonucleic acids regulate many factors that are involved in the development and pathophysiology of IHD. As a result, there are great potential opportunities for miRNAs to be used as a biomarker for disease differentiation, as well as novel drug targets or therapeutics for the treatment and also as a diagnostic approach. As it is now evident that miRNAs play critical roles in the disease mechanisms, this review article tried to focus on the pathway, in which; the miRNAs stimulate the IHD to develop. By understanding the mechanisms, it will be possible to present a complete strategy of IHD treatment and also solving all the impediments that are highlighted in this article. Still, there are a number of limitations and obstacles on the way of developing a proper therapeutic approach that can be approved and well accepted. This review is mainly dependent on the potential of miRNAs as a promising arena on the field of cardiac treatment and the possible obstacles that are needed to be explored and overcome. DOI10.14302/issn.2329-9487.jhc-17-1536 The existence of miRNAs is a relatively recent discovery; however, recent works suggested that miRNA can be related with the pathophysiological development of various cardiovascular diseases 1 like ischaemic heart disease 2. The initial discovery of miRNA was in 1993 3 and now, it is proved that miRNAs are endogenous ~22-nucleotide (nt) noncoding RNAs 4, have the ability to control the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via translational inhibition or degradation of target mRNAs 5, and therefore have a key role in the disease development process 6. Dysregulation of mRNA depend on the degree of complementarity between the 5′ seed sequence (5–7 nt) of the miRNA and the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the target mRNA 7. Thus, miRNAs are associated with the mechanism of differentiation, proliferation, electrical conduction, angiogenesis and apoptosis 8. These pathways are the major reasons behind the different physiological and pathological adaptations of various diseases 9. Till to date, about 2000 miRNAs have been discovered, and they are known to regulate the expressions of one third of human genes 10. These ever-growing researches on mi-RNA discovery therefore suggested miRNA as a therapeutic target, as the regulation of cell development, proliferation,