Enhanced Alkaloid Production From Cell Culture System of Catharanthus Roseus in Combined Effect of Nutrient Salts, Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators - Enhanced Alkaloid Production From Cell Culture System of Catharanthus Roseus in Combined Effect of Nutrient Salts, Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators - Open Access Pub

Callus and biomass culture of Catharanthus roseus L. were established to check for the presence of total alkaloid and its subsequent yield. Various treatments like strength of nutrient salts, sucrose concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGR’s) were applied to both MS and B5 in agar as well as suspension medium to test their effects on enhanced alkaloid content and its yield. There was no significant difference in any of the observable parameters of fresh wt, dry wt, alkaloid content, production, productivity and yield if the culture were treated similarly in both types of media formulations (MS or B5 salts). Physical state (agar solidified or the liquid suspension) of the medium had significant effect on all the parameters particular on fresh wt, alkaloid content and yields. Although, the fresh wt. and dry wt. of biomass in suspension culture was 2-3 times less than that of callus obtained from agar medium. However, the alkaloid content and yield was 2-3 times higher in suspension culture compared to agar medium in similar treatments. The highest alkaloid content observed was 5.67mg/g dwt in B5 suspension medium containing 3% sucrose and modified with 0.5mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) + 1 mg/l Kinetin (KIN) + 2mg/l α- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The combined effects of these factors on the enhanced production of total alkaloids were expected to contain higher yield of anticancer vinblastine and vincristine in the cell suspension culture system. DOI10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-18-2475 Plants are rich source of a number of secondary metabolites including the alkaloids with an estimated count of around 3000 different types till date 1. The indole alkaloid, also known as monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIA) or terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) are derived from strictosidine which interns obtained from tryptamine and a portion from iridoid secologanin 2, 3. TIA pathway depends on indole and terpenoid precursors supplied by two convergent branches of the primary metabolites the shikimate and the isopentenyl diphosphate pathways. It involves more than twenty enzymes located in cytosol, (pro)vacuoles and chloroplasts/plastids 4. These indole alkaloids such as antimalarial quinine from Chincona officinalis, the antineoplastic camptothecine from Camptothecaacuminta, the rat poison and tonic like strychnine from Strychnosnux-vomica, antihypertensive and tranquilizer resperine from Rauvolfia sp., and the widely investigated antitumor agents vinblastine and vincristine from Catharanthus roseus are now being prescribed in modern