The true nature of self has been considered one of the
greatest mysteries since philosophical thought first arose. We assert that states
of mind relating to the self are greatly influenced if not underlain by the autonomic
nervous system. A duality of the self is an ancient concept that has been described
by philosophers around the globe, but has not been explained scientifically. We
propose a duality to the self which can be associated physiologically with the duality
of the autonomic nervous system. In the sympathetic dominant state we often perceive
our relationship to people and the environment in an emotional manner, with the
parasympathetic dominant state more associated with more cognitive states of mind.
We illustrate that our thought processes and moods are heavily influenced by a relationship
and levels of dominance between our embodied, egotistical emotional self and a cognitive
self that has more blurred boundaries between “self and other”. The model of a dual
self we propose elucidates more reasonable understanding of self-talk and self-perception.
Preeminent and founding fathers of psychology such as William James and Sigmund
Freud have proposed a multi-part self, however lacked empirical work to support
their hypotheses. We have however reviewed significant scientific works to support
our concept of self. We suggest that through understanding this dual nature and
the nature of the self in general, one may exert more control over moods and thought
patterns, therefore improving mental health as mental atmosphere.
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