Oil contamination of the soil by petroleum products has become an
enormous environmental problem. In this study, we examined whether remediation
of oil-contaminated soils by cultivating three flowering plants (Mimosa,
Gazania, and Zinnia) could be enhanced by inoculation with Acinetobacter junii strain M-2 at different plant growth stages (at
sowing, at early growth, and at mid-growth). The growth of Zinnia cultivated in
oil-contaminated soils inoculated at sowing was significantly superior to that
in the non-inoculated soil. Although total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations
in soils inoculated at sowing were nominally lower than those in non-inoculated
soils, especially in the case of Zinnia planting, the effect did not reach
statistical significance. However, dehydrogenase activity was significantly
higher in the soils inoculated with A. junii strain M-2 than in
non-inoculated soils for all three plant species tested. These results
demonstrate that a combination of ornamental plant cultivation (particularly
Zinnia) and inoculation with A. junii strain M-2 increases the efficiency of oil-contaminated soil phytoremediation.
References
[1]
Huang, X.D., El-Alawi, Y., Gurska, J., Glick, B.R. and Greenberg, B.M. (2005) A Multi-Process Phytoremediation System for Decontamination of Persistent Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPHs) from Soil. Microchemistry Journal, 81, 139-147.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2005.01.009
[2]
Hall, C., Tharakan, P., Hallock, J., Cleveland, C. and Jefferson, M. (2003) Hydrocarbons and the Evolution of Human Culture. Nature, 426, 318-322.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02130
[3]
Pena-Castro, J.M., Barrera-Figueroa, B.E., Fernández-Linares, L., Ruiz-Medrano, R. and Xoconostle-Cázares, B. (2006) Isolation and Identification of Up-Regulated Genes in Bermudagrass Roots (Cynodon dactylon L.) Grown under Petroleum Hydrocarbon Stress. Plant Science, 170, 724-731.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.11.004
[4]
Phillips, L.A., Greer, C.W. and Germida, J.J. (2006) Culture-Based and Culture-Independent Assessment of the Impact of Mixed and Single Plant Treatments on Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Hydrocarbon Contaminated Flare-Pit Soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38, 2823-2833.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2009.03.007
[5]
Dowling, D.N. and Doty, S.L. (2009) Improving Phytoremediation through Biotechnology. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 20, 204-206.
[6]
Guideline for Soil Contamination Countermeasures. (2006) Guidelines for Oil Pollution Control by the Ministry of the Environment Corresponding to Oil Oils and Oil Film Problems by Oil-Containing Soil Chemical Industry Daily News Company 205.
[7]
Chioma, B.C., Christopher, C.A. and Evan, M.F. (2017) Erratum to: Shift in Microbial Group during Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation (RENA) of a Crude Oil-Impacted Soil: A Case Study of Ikarama Community, Bayelsa, Nigeria. Biotech, 7, Article No. 228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0867-6
[8]
Eman, K. and Ball, A.S. (2017) Soil Bioremediation Approaches for Petroleum Hydrocarbon Polluted Environments. AIMS Microbiology, 3, 25-49.
https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2017.1.25
[9]
Anderson, T.A., Guthrie, E.A. and Walton, B.T. (1993) Bioremediation in the Rhizosphere. Environmental Science & Technology, 27, 2630-2636.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es00049a001
[10]
Peng, S., Zhou, Q. and Cai, Z. (2009) Phytoremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils by Mirabilis Jalapa L. in a Greenhouse Plot Experiment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168, 1490-1496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.036
[11]
Zhang, C., Zhou, Q.X., Peng, S.W. and Kenan, L. (2010) Promoted Biodegradation and Microbiological Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Impatiens balsamina L. with Strong Endurance. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183, 731-737.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.087
[12]
Bordoloi, S., Basumatary, B., Saikia, R. and Das, H.C. (2012) Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. A Native Grass Species for Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon—Contaminated Soil in Assam, India. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 87, 1335-1341.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.3765
[13]
Ozawa, S., Ikeura, H., Kaimi, E. and Tamaki, M. (2014) Selection of the Most Effective Cultivar of Genus Zinnia Flowers for Phytoremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 4, 61-71.
[14]
Ikeura, H., Ozawa, S. and Tamaki, M. (2016) Varietal Differences in Zinnia Hybrid for Remediation in Oil-Contaminated Soil. Journal of International Scientific Publications. Ecology and Safety, 10, 265-272.
[15]
Kai, T., Ikeura, H., Ozawa, S. Tamaki, M. (2019) Effects of Basal Fertilizer and Perlite Amendment on Growth of Zinnia and its Remediation Capacity in Oil-Contaminated Soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 20, 1236-1242.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2018.1460310
[16]
Arakawa, Y. (2010) Genus Acinetobacter. IASR, 31, 194.
[17]
Fatima, M.B., Flavio, A., Oliveira, C., Benedict, C. and Okeke, W. and Frankenberger Jr., T.J. (2005) Diversity of Biosurfactant Producing Microorganisms Isolated from Soils Contaminated with Diesel Oil. Microbiological Research, 160, 249-255.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2004.08.005
[18]
Sambrook, J. and Russell, D.W. (2001) Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Manual. 3rd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
[19]
Edwards, U., Rogall, T., Blocker, H., Emde, M. and Bottger, E.C. (1989) Isolation and Direct Complete Nucleotide Determination of Entire Genes. Characterization of a Gene Coding for 16S Ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 17, 7843-7853.
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.19.7843
[20]
Takahashi, Y., Nomura, M., Komiya, T., Goto, M. and Murakami, S. (2012) Screening of Lignocelluloce-Degrading Fungi from Gray Gentle Lemur (Hapalemur griseus) Feces. Bulletin of School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 61, 77-86.
[21]
Takahashi, Y., Kawabata, H. and Murakami, S. (2013) Analysis of Functional Xylanases in Xylan Degradation by Aspergillus niger E1 and Characterization of the GH Family 10 Xylanase XynVII. SpringerPlus, 2, Article No. 447.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-447
[22]
The Geo-Environmental Protection Center (2006) The TPH Test Methods Using GC-FID, Guidelines against Oil Pollution by the Ministry of Environment. The Chemical Daily Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 99-115.
[23]
Kaimi, E., Mukaidani, T., Miyoshi, S. and Tamaki, M. (2006) Ryegrass Enhancement of Biodegradation in Diesel-Contaminated Soil. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 55, 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.005
[24]
Hayase, K. (1992) Measurement of Enzyme Activity in Soil. Experimental Methods in Soil Microbiology-New Edition. Youken-dou, Tokyo, 356-357.
[25]
Van Beilen, J.B., Li, Z., Duetz, W.A., Smits, T.H.M. and Witholt, B. (2003) Diversity of Alkane hydroxylase Systems in the Environment. Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 58, 427-440. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2003026
[26]
Throne-Holst, M., Wentzel, A., Ellingsen, T.E, Kotlar, H.K. and Zotchev, S.B. (2007) Identication of Novel Genes Involved in Long-Chain n-Alkane Degradation by Acinetobacter sp. Strain DSM 17874. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 3327-3332. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00064-07
[27]
Liu, H., Yao, J., Yuan, Z., Shang, Y., Chen, H., Wang, F., Masakorala, K., Yu, C., Cai, M.M., Blake, R.E. and Choi, M.M.F. (2014) Isolation and Characterization of Crude-Oil-Degrading Bacteria from Oil-Water Mixture in Dagang Oilfield, China. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 87, 52-59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.11.005
[28]
Kubota, M., Hyakumachi, M. and Miyazawa, M. (2004) Influence of Root Exudates from Cucumis sativus and Daucus carota on Arbuscular mycorrhizal Colonization. Journal of Oleo Science, 53, 207-210.
[29]
Sun, H.H., Hee, W.R., Jaisoo, K. and Kyung, S.C. (2011) Rhizoremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil Using the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium gordonia Sp. S2RP-17. Biodegradation, 22, 593-601.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9432-2
[30]
Zhang, J., Yin, R., Lin, X., Liu, W., Chen, R. and Li, X. (2010) Interactive Effect of Biosurfactant and Microorganism to Enhance Phytoremediation for Removal of Aged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soils. Journal of Health Science, 563, 257-266.
[31]
Singer, A.C., Smith, D., Jury, W.A., Hathuc, K. and Crowley, D.E. (2002) Impact of the Plant Rhizosphere and Augmentation on Remediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contaminated Soil. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 22, 1998-2004.
https://doi.org/10.1897/02-471
[32]
Banks, M.K., Kulakow, P., Schwab, A.P., Chen, Z. and Rathbone, K. (2003) Degradation of Clued Oil in Soil the Rhizosphere of Sorghum bicolor. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 5, 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/713779222
[33]
Kaimi, E., Mukaidani, T. and Tamaki, M. (2007) Effect of Rhizodegradation in Die Sel-Contaminated Soil under Different Soil Conditions. Plant Production Science, 10, 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.10.105
[34]
Tang, J.C., Wang, R.G., Niu, X.W., Wang, M., Chu, H.R. and Zhou, Q.X. (2010) Characterization of the Rhizoremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil: Effect of Different Influencing Factors. Biogeosciences, 7, 3961-3969.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3961-2010
