Analysis of Types and Causes of Traumatic Dental Injuries to Permanent Dentition among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the age, gender, causes, place of trauma, and type of crown fracture in permanent dentition among patients attending Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department of LUMHS hospital over a period of six months. All patients (6 - 40 years of age) who had a history of dental trauma and attending dental OPD were included in this study. The data for all patients were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Data were collected on age, gender, place of trauma (playground, road, home), cause of trauma (fall, playing, road accident, bicycle accident, collisions, fighting) and associated symptoms. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Mean and the standard deviation was computed for a quantitative variable like age. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables like gender, risk factors, and pattern of trauma. Results: A total of 82 patients were enrolled. The most frequent age group involved was 13 - 20 years (46%) with males (58.5%) predominance. The majority of trauma cases were due to fall (36.6%) while playing and 19.5% were bicycle accidents. The most commonly affected tooth was right maxillary central incisor (46.6%) followed by left maxillary central incisor (28.4%). Of the 116 teeth examined, 56.0% had a complicated crown fracture and 44.0% had an uncomplicated crown fracture. Conclusion: Safety measures should be implemented where dental traumatic accidents occur most frequently like at home and on the roads.