This
paper investigates the impact of the intermittency of the photovoltaic (PV)
power plants on the electric grid frequency management and the consequences
that can occur. To meet these purposes, three years data of the Senegalese grid
frequency are used, combined with three PV power plants data since their
starting-up. Using these data, we analyzed two days of heavily disturbed
operation of the Senegalese grid in order to emphasize the real impact of the
presence of PV power plants on the electrical grid. Our study has highlighted that how the
intermittency of photovoltaic power plants affects frequency management. It
obviously appears that the PV production curves follow the irradiation
variations. Instantaneous variations of PV production make it difficult to
manage the grid frequency leading to more frequent load shedding as we have
shown with the data after the commissioning of the PV power plants. We also
estimate the power then energy losses during the load shedding induced by the
PV integration on the power grid by comparing a period corresponding to one
month before (February 2017) and one month after (February 2018) the
integration of variable PV production.
References
[1]
Hernandez, J.C., Medina, A. and Jurado, F. (2008) Impact Comparison of PV System Integration into Rural and Urban Feeders. Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 1747-1765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.10.020
[2]
ElNozahy, M.S. and Salama, M.M.A. (2013) Technical Impacts of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems on Electrical Networks: A Review. Journal of Renewable Sustainable Energy, 5, 032702. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4808264
[3]
Ali, S., Pearsal, N. and Putrus, G. (2012) Impact of High Penetration Level of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems on the UK Low Voltage Distribution Network. International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’12), Santiago de Compostela, 28-30 March 2012, 519-522.
https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj10.368
[4]
Garba, M., Tankari, M.A. and Lefebvre, G. (2018) Methodology for Analyzing of a Grid Weakness and Resiliency Factors: Case of Niger National Grid. 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA 2018), Paris, 14-17 October 2018, 14-17.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2018.8566870
[5]
Guingane, T.T., Koalaga, Z., Boego, C., Simonguy, E., Ouiya, N., Bonkoungou, D. and Zougmore, F. (2017) Impact of Photovoltaic Penetration on the Electrical Network. American Journal of Innovative Research & Applied Sciences, 5, 397-404.
[6]
Guingane, T.T., Bonkoungou, D., Koalaga, Z. and Zougmore, F. (2017) Photovoltaic (PV) System Connected to the Grid without Battery Storage as a Solution to Electricity Problems Burkina Faso. International Journal of Engineering Research, 6, 30-33.
[7]
Tan, Y.T. and Kirschen, D. (2007) Impact on the Power System of a Large Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation. 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Tampa, FL, 24-28 June 2007, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385563
[8]
Blanket, F. (2013) Impact de l’intégration des EnR sur les reseaux de distribution d’électricité. Clubs Mines-Energie et Mines-Environnement et Développement Durable, ERDF.
[9]
Krakowsky, V. (2016) Intégration du renouvelable et stratégies de déploiement du réseau électrique: Réconciliation d’échelles spatio-temporelles dans des exercices prospectifs de long terme. PhD Thesis, PSL Research University, Paris.
[10]
Mulder, F.M. (2014) Implications of Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in Renewable Energy Generation for Large Scale Energy Storage. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 6, 033105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4874845
[11]
Onuka, S., Umemura, A., Takahashi, R., Tamura, J., Sakahara, A., Tosaka, F. and Nakamoto, R. (2020) Frequency Control of Power System with Renewable Power Sources by HVDC Interconnection Line and Battery Considering Energy Balancing. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 8, 11-24.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2020.84002
[12]
Guingane, T., Bonkoungou, D., Koalaga, Z. and Zougmoré, F. (2017) Photovoltaic (PV) System Connected to the Grid without Battery Storage as a Solution to Electricity Problems in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Engineering Research, 6, 30-33.
