More than 90% of HIV-positive
children come from mother-to-child transmission, so mother-to-child
interdiction is the main measure to prevent AIDS in children. Relevant data
show that the incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV usually fluctuates
between 15% and 50% without intervention. Standardized and effective
comprehensive intervention can reduce the transmission rate of mother to child
to less than 1%. At present, it is believed that mother-to-child transmission
of AIDS can be blocked by comprehensive intervention, and its mechanism has
been clearly studied. Combined with highly effective antiviral treatment, safe
labor and artificial feeding, the mother to child transmission rate can be
reduced to less than 1%. However, due to the effect of drugs on mother-to-child
transmission of AIDS may lead to some changes in the main biochemical
indicators of mother-to-child, there is no systematic analysis of the viral
load, T lymphocyte subsets and major biochemical indicators of HIV/AIDS pregnant
women before and after maternal-to-child transmission. In this study, the viral
load, T lymphocyte subsets and major biochemical indicators of HIV/AIDS
pregnant women before and after maternal-infant blockade were dynamically
analyzed. It is hoped that this study will help to observe the basic physical
fitness and disease development of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS during
pregnancy, to provide a strong basis for the treatment and evaluation of
maternal-infant blockade of HIV/AIDS pregnant women, and to establish a
complete set of laboratory indicators to understand the body status of pregnant
women at all stages to minimize
the probability of fetal transmission, which will make good economic and social
benefits.
References
[1]
UNAIDS (2017) Fact Sheet 2017.
[2]
UNAIDS (2017) Ending AIDS: Progress towards the 90-90-90 Targets.
[3]
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, STD/AIDS Prevention and Control Center, STD Control Center. National AIDS Epidemic Report in 2017.
[4]
Feyera, A., Megerssa, B., Legesse, D., et al. (2017) Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS: Service Utilization and Associated Factors among Selected Public Health Facilities in Ethiopia. Medical Practice and Reviews, 8, 1-13.
[5]
Amare, Z., Biresaw, D. and Hail, S. (2017) Assessment of Factors Affecting the Utilization of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV/AIDS. International Journal of Advanced Research, 5, 304-311.
https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/4112
[6]
Acharya, R., Acharya, T. and Devkota, R. (2018) Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS among Antenatal Mothers in Nepal. Journal of College of Medical Sciences—Nepal, 14, 44-48.
https://doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i1.18761
[7]
Idele, P., Hayashi, C., Porth, T., et al. (2017) Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Paediatric HIV Care and Treatment Monitoring: From Measuring Process to Impact and Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 21, S23-S33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1670-9
[8]
Tebeu, P.M., Ngo Um Meka, E., Bechem, E., et al. (2017) Evaluation of the Implementation of the WHO’s 2010 Guide on Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV/Aids: Case of Two Hospitals in Yaoundé. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 7, 487-493. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2017.75050
[9]
Sherman, G.G., Mazanderani, A.H. and Barron, P. (2017) Toward Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in South Africa: How Best to Monitor Early Infant Infections within the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program. Journal of Global Health, 7, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.07.010701
[10]
Luba, T.R., Feng, Z.C. and Gebremedhin, S.A. (2017) Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Its Prevention and Associated Factors among Ethiopian Women. Journal of Global Health, 7, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.07.020414
[11]
Sam-Agudu, N.A., Ramadhani, H.O., Isah, C., et al. (2017) The Impact of Structured Mentor Mother Programs on 6-Month Postpartum Retention and Viral Suppression among HIV-Positive Women in Rural Nigeria. JAIDS, 75, S173-S181.
https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001346
[12]
Ambia, J. and Mandala, J. (2016) A Systematic Review of Interventions to Improve Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Service Delivery and Promote Retention. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 19, 20309.
https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.1.20309
[13]
Yotebieng, M., Thirumurthy, H., Moracco, K.E., et al. (2016) Conditional Cash Transfers and Uptake of and Retention in Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Care: A Randomised Controlled Trial. The Lancet HIV, 3, e85-e93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00247-7
[14]
Myer, L., Dunning, L., Lesosky, M., et al. (2016) Frequency of Viremic Episodes in HIV-Infected Women Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy during Pregnancy: A Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 64, ciw792.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw792
[15]
Gill, M.M., Hoffman, H.J., Bobrow, E.A., et al. (2016) Detectable Viral Load in Late Pregnancy among Women in the Rwanda Option B+PMTCT Program: Enrollment Results from the Kabeho Study. PLoS ONE, 11, e0168671.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168671
[16]
Eugène, D.M.B., Kroon, N.P., Shattock, A.J., et al. (2017) Acute HIV Infection Detection and Immediate Treatment Estimated to Reduce Transmission by 89% among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Bangkok. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 20, 21708. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.20.1.21708
http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/21708
[17]
Barminas, K.A., Seljul, R.M.-C., Godwin, I.E., et al. (2017) Detection of HIV Viral Load in Liquid and Dried Plasma Spots among HIV Infected Patients in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State. Nigeria International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 3, 15-21.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170302.12
[18]
Huerga, H., Shiferie, F. and Grebe, E. (2017) A Comparison of Self-Report and Antiretroviral Detection to Inform Estimates of Antiretroviral Therapy Coverage, Viral Load Suppression and HIV Incidence in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17, 653. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2740-y
[19]
Zeh, C., Ndiege, K., Inzaule, S., et al. (2017) Evaluation of the Performance of Abbott m2000 and Roche COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS Taqman Assays for HIV-1 Viral Load Determination Using Dried Blood Spots and Dried Plasma Spots in Kenya. PLoS ONE, 12, e0179316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179316
[20]
Isabela, S., Nugroho, A. and Harijanto, P.N. (2018) Association between CD8 T-Cell Subsets and CD4/CD8 Ratio with HS-CRP Level in HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 125, Article ID: 012008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/125/1/012008
[21]
Veel, E., Westera, L., van Gent, R., et al. (2018) Impact of Aging, Cytomegalovirus Infection and Long-Term Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus on CD8+ T-Cell Subsets. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 572.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00572
[22]
Vuddamalay, Y. and van Meerwijk, J.P. (2017) CD28 and CD28 Low CD81 Regulatory T Cells: Of Mice and Men. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 31.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00031
[23]
Sebastian, N.T., Zaikos, T.D., Terry, V., et al. (2017) CD4 Is Expressed on a Heterogeneous Subset of Hematopoietic Progenitors, Which Persistently Harbor CXCR4 and CCR5-Tropic HIV Proviral Genomes in Vivo. PLoS Pathogens, 13, e1006509.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006509
[24]
Weinberg, A., Lindsey, J., Bosch, R., et al. (2018) B and T Cell Phenotypic Profiles of African HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants: Associations with Antibody Responses to the Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 2002. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.02002
[25]
Mayondi, G.K., Wirth, K., Morroni, C., et al. (2016) Unintended Pregnancy, Contraceptive Use, and Childbearing Desires among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in Botswana: Across-Sectional Study. BMC Public Health, 16, 44.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2498-3
[26]
Guiateu, T.I.M., Djuidje, N.M., Ambassa, A.C., et al. (2017) Importance of Biochemical Exploration of the Liver in the Control of Disease Progression in People Living with HIV/AIDS and Coinfected by HIV and Hepatitis C Virus in Cameroon. Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences, 13, 81-88.
[27]
Yang, J., Fang, Y.H. and Xie, Z.H. (2016) Analysis of the Characteristic of Electrocardiograms with Abnormal Biochemical Indexes of Aids Patients. Medical Recapitulate.
Samuel, K.A. (2016) Determination of Haematological and Biochemical Abnormalities in HIV/AIDS Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at the Effiankwanta Regional Hospital in the Western Region. Clinical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements, Degree of Master of Science.
[30]
Obimba, K.C., Alisi, C.S., Ozougwu, J.C., et al. (2016) Microbial, Biochemical and Hematological Indices of Antiretroviral (ART) Treatment Naïve Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Seropositive Patients. Int S. J, 6, 345-355.