Congenital cyanogenic heart disease (CCHD) is a malformation of the heart
and large vessels characterized by an oxygen desaturation in the arterial
blood, responsible for cyanosis. The general objective was to study the profile
of CCHD in Senegalese hospitals. This is a retrospective study carried out over
a period of 8 years (January 1, 2010 - December 31, 2017) and including all children
aged 0 to 16 years followed for a CCHD. The hospital prevalence was 0.87% for
420 cases collected. The sex ratio was 1.44 and the average age at diagnosis
was 16 months. First degree parental consanguinity was noted in 36 cases (30.78%). The main reasons for
consultation were breathing difficultyin 242 cases (57.62%) and fever
in 136 patients (32.36%). Apart from cyanosis, the clinical signs were
dominated by the heart murmur in 313 cases (74.7%), tachycardia in 283 cases
(67.38%) and digital hippocratism in 162 cases (38.57%). Cardiomegaly was found
in 239 patients (83.36%). The main types of CCHD were tetralogy of Fallot and
transposition of the large vessels. In biology, 206 patients (49.05%) presented
polyglobulia. A complete surgical cure was carried out in 22 patients (5.24%).
Complications were anoxic crisis (52 cases) and hemorrhagic syndrome (17
cases). There were 97 deaths (28.28%) during hospitalization. The diagnosis of
CCHD is late in our country and surgical management is poor explaining the high
mortality.
References
[1]
Iselin, M. Cyanogenic Heart Disease. http://www.em-consulte.com/article/22837/cardiopathies-cyanogenes
[2]
Iselin, M. (1999) Cardiopathies congénitales. Radiodiagnostic-Cœur-Poumon, 32-015-A-12, Pédiatrie, 4-070-A-05, EMC, Paris (Elsevier), 6 p.
[3]
Planche, C., Lacour-Gayet, F., Serraf and Bruneaux, J. (1993) Traitement chirurgical de Transposition complète des gros vaisseaux Editions techniques. Techniques chirurgicales-Thorax, 42-817, EMC, Paris, 22 p.
[4]
Delpart, A., Jimenez, M. and Choussat, A. (2002) Intérêt de L’échographie cardiaque fœtale dans le dépistage des cardiopathies congénitales. Arch Mal Coeur, 95, 461-468.
[5]
Bonnet, D. (2006) Epidémiologie et génétique des cardiopathies congénitales et des cardiomyopathies de l’enfant. La Revue du Praticien, 56, 599-604.
[6]
Hammerli, M. (2005) Screening of Congenital Heart Diseases. Paediatrica, 16, 24-25.
[7]
Abdirahman, N.A. (2011) Epidemiological Aspects of Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatrics about 249 Cases. Thesis Med. UCAD, No. 204.
Diop, A. (2007) Congenital Heart Disease in Dakar: About 72 Cases Collected in the Pediatrics Department of the Main Hospital of Dakar. Thesis Med., Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, No. 89.
[10]
Diop, I.B., Ba, S.A., Ba, K., Sarr, M., Kane, A., Fall, M., et al. (1995) Congenital Heart Disease: Anatomo-Clinical, Prognostic and Therapeutic Aspects in Relation to 103 Cases Observed at the Cardiology Clinic of the Dakar CHU. Dakar-Médical, 40, 181-186.
[11]
Becker, S.M., Zohair Al, H.C. and Molina, C. (2001) Consanguinity and Congenital Heart Disease in Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 99, 8-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-8628(20010215)99:1<8::AID-AJMG1116>3.0.CO;2-U
[12]
Mouzan, I., Al Salloum, A.A., Al Herbish, A.S., et al. (2008) Consanguinity and Major Genetic Disorders in Saudi Children: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 28, 169-173. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2008.169
[13]
Harris, J.A., Francannet, C. and Pradat, P. (2003) The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Defects, Part 2: A Study Based on Data from the Large Registries of Congenital Malfonnations. Pediatric Cardiology, 24, 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-002-9402-5
[14]
From GEETERB (2004) Antenatal Diagnosis of Transposition of Large Vessels. Arch Mal Coeur, 97, 580-581.
[15]
Abena, O.M.T., Muna, W.F.T., Leckpa, J.P., et al. (1995) Cardiovascular Disorders in Sub-Saharan African Children: A Hospital-Based Experience in Cameroon. Tropical Cardiology, 21, 5-11.
Boussalah, M., Ahmed, A.A., Salimi, S., et al. (2010) Epidemiology and Prognosis of Congenital Heart Diseases in Pediatrics. Archives de Pédiatrie, 17, 150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-693X(10)70794-6
