Purpose: To evaluate post-surgical complications in patients who were operated for nontraumatic pediatric cataracts in our clinic. Methods: Medical records of 62 patients (101 eyes) that underwent cataract surgery younger than 15 years of age, without history of ocular trauma and with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months, were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The most common initial complaint was leukocoria. Thirty-nine patients (62.9%) had bilateral cataracts and 23 patients (37.1%) had unilateral cataracts. The most common type was posterior polar cataract (22%) in patients with unilateral cataracts, and total cataract (33%) in patients with bilateral cataracts. The overall prevalence of postoperative complications was 58%, visual axis opacification (VAO) being the most common one (39%). The incidence of VAO was significantly higher in eyes with intact posterior capsules. Secondary glaucoma occurred in 12 (12%) eyes. Thirty-one (50%) patients were orthophoria, 17 (27%) patients had esotropia, and 14 (23%) patients had exotropia. Additional surgery for all of these complications was performed in 53 (53%) eyes. Conclusions: Despite appropriate surgical treatment of nontraumatic pediatric cataracts, post-surgical complications including VAO, glaucoma, or strabismus remain an important cause of morbidity in these patients. Posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy must be performed in all children below 6 years to reduce the need for additional surgery for VAO.
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