保灵孕宝口服液中药渣饲喂黄粉虫幼虫条件及对其生长发育的影响
Rearing Condition and Effects of Growth and Development of Tenebrio molitor Larvae by Feeding Herb Residue Named Yunlingbao

DOI: 10.12677/HJAS.2020.104031, PP. 201-211

Keywords: 黄粉虫幼虫，中药渣，生长发育
Tenebrio molitor Larvae, Herb Residue, Growth and Development

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Abstract:

本文利用中药渣含有丰富的营养物质的特性和黄粉虫幼虫生命力强，并且生性食杂特点，研究中药渣饲喂黄粉虫幼虫的条件及对其生长发育的影响。采用单因素实验法，改变饲养密度、温度、光周期、饲料含水量和中药渣与麦麸的比例，测定黄粉虫幼虫的死亡率、增重率、增长率、水溶性蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量和灰分含量。用含有中药渣的麦麸饲料饲喂黄粉虫幼虫，均不对其生长发育产生负影响，其中中药渣与麦麸比为7:3时，其增长率、增重率、蛋白质增长率最大，为最佳配比。用中药渣饲养的最优条件为密度0.4头/cm3；光暗比0:24；饲料含水量20%；温度30℃，且与相同条件下麦麸饲养的幼虫相比，死亡率降低了43%。在最佳配比和最优条件下饲喂黄粉虫幼虫，在幼虫直径为1.0~2.0 cm时增长速度最快，在直径2.5 cm时，与麦麸饲养的黄粉虫幼虫相比，虫单体质量增加57%，水溶性蛋白含量提高了1.8%，粗脂肪含量增加7.4%，灰分含量提高5.0%。本研究表明利用中药渣饲喂黄粉虫幼虫的方法是有利于黄粉虫生长发育的，且优于麦麸。
Herb residues are rich in many kinds of nutrients. And Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML) are tenacious omnivorous insects. This study makes use of the characteristics of TML and HR to clarify the rearing condition and effects of growth and development of TML by feeding herb residue. The death rate, weight gain rate, growth rate, protein content, crude fat content, ash content of TML were compared in the laboratory under the conditions of different feeding densities, temperatures, photoperiods, moisture contents, proportion of herb residue and wheat bran. There’s no negative effect for TML to add herb residue in wheat bran. When the content of herb residue in the wheat bran is 70%, the weight gain rate, growth rate, and protein content of TML are the best, which is the beat ratio. The results showed that the conditions for TML growth are density of 0.4 offspring per cubic centimeter, photoperiod of 0 L:24 D, moisture contents of 20%, and temperatures of 30？C. Compared with TML eating wheat bran, death rate of TML eating herb residue is reduced by 43% in the same environment condition. In conditions of 70% herb residue and optimum growth environment, TML’s growth rate is the fastest when the diameter is from 1.0 to 2.0cm. When it grow to 2.5 cm, compared with TML eating wheat bran, its weight of single larvae increased by 57%, protein content increased by 1.8%, crude fat content increased by 7.4%, and ash content increased by 5.0%. Feeding herb residue benefits the growth and development of TML, and it’s better than wheat bran.

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