Socio-Demographic Profiles of Naive HIV Pregnant Women and Retention to the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Interventions in the East Region of Cameroon
Background: At enrolment into antenatal care, socio-demographic data of HIV infected
pregnant women and lactating mothers are usually collected with little or no analysis done on them. This
study was aimed to describe the socio-demographic profiles of naive to
antiretroviral therapy (ART) HIV-infected pregnant women in the East region of Cameroon and to link this to
retention in order to optimize the implementation of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions.Methods: A
descriptive prospective study that lasted from February 2018 untilFebruary 2019in three catchment health
facilities in the East region for the recruitment and follow-up of participants who
were consented HIV-infected
pregnant women naive to ART. Socio-demographic, treatment compliance and
adherence data were obtained by healthcare providers who were trained using a
standard questionnaire that was conceived, tested and adapted for the study.
Data were analyzed using Graph Prism (Graph pad 6.0, San Diego, USA). The
Fisher exact and Chi-squared tests were used to establish the associations and
independence between different variables at statistical significance level of p < 0.05.Results:A total of seventy (70) women were enrolled with age
range varying between 15 and 40 years with a mean age of 26.5 ± 6.2 years.
References
[1]
UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2014) The Gap Report. UNAIDS, Geneva. https://www.refworld.org/docid/53f1e1604.html
[2]
UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013. UNAIDS, Geneva.
[3]
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2019) Global AIDS Update 2019.
[4]
De Cock, K.M., Fowler, M.G., Mercier, E., De Vincenzi, I., Saba, J., Hoff, E., et al. (2000) Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Resource-Poor Countries: Translating Research into Policy and Practice. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 1175-1182. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.9.1175
[5]
Dorenbaum, A., Cunningham, C.K., Gelber, R.D., Culnane, M., Mofenson, L., Britto, P., et al. (2002) Two-Dose Intrapartum/Newborn Nevirapine and Standard Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission: A Randomized Trial. JAMA, 288, 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.2.189
[6]
Pisano, E., Gatsonis, C., Boineau, R., Domanski, M., Troutman, C., Anderson, J., et al. (2005) Single-Dose Perinatal Nevirapine plus Standard Zidovudine to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand. The New England Journal, 351, 225-237.
[7]
Zaba, B., Whitworth, J., Marston, M., Nakiyingi, J., Ruberantwari, A., Urassa, M., et al. (2005) HIV and Mortality of Mothers and Children. Epidemiology, 16, 275-280.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15824540
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000155507.47884.43
[8]
Newell, M.L., Coovadia, H., Cortina-Borja, M., Rollins, N., Gaillard, P. and Dabis, F. (2004) Mortality of Infected and Uninfected Infants Born to HIV-Infected Mothers in Africa: A Pooled Analysis. The Lancet, 364, 1236-1243.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17140-7
[9]
Sherman, G.G., Jones, S.A., Coovadia, A.H., Urban, M.F. and Bolton, K.D. (2004) PMTCT from Research to Reality—Results from a Routine Service. South African Medical Journal, 94, 289-292.
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/samj/article/view/134450
[10]
Jones, S.A., Sherman, G.G. and Varga, C.A. (2005) Exploring Socio-Economic Conditions and Poor Follow-Up Rates of HIV-Exposed Infants in Johannesburg, South Africa. AIDS Care, 17, 466-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120412331319723
[11]
Manzi, M., Zachariah, R., Teck, R., Buhendwa, L., Kazima, J., Bakali, E., et al. (2005) High Acceptability of Voluntary Counselling and HIV-Testing But Unacceptable Loss to Follow Up in a Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Programme in Rural Malawi: Scaling-Up Requires a Different Way of Acting. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 10, 1242-1250.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01526.x
[12]
Knettel, B.A., Cichowitz, C., Ngocho, J.S., Knippler, E.T., Chumba, L.N., Mmbaga, B.T., et al. (2018) Retention in HIV Care during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in the Option B+ Era: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies in Africa. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 77, 427-438.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29287029
https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001616
[13]
Imbaya, C. and Odhiambo-Otieno, G. (2015) Socio Demographic Characteristics, Antenatal Clinic Attendance and PMTCT Knowledge of Postnatal HIV+ Women at an Urban Public Health Facility in Nairobi, Kenya. The East and Central Africa Medical Journal, 2, 10-17. http://etd-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/13070
[14]
Silva, C.M., Alves, R.S., Santos, T.S., Bragagnollo, G.R., Tavares, C.M. and Santos, A.A.P. (2018) Epidemiological Overview of HIV/AIDS in Pregnant Women from a State of Northeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 71, 568-576.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0495
[15]
Langendorf, F., Padoin, D.M., Maris, S., Vieira, B. and Mutti, F. (2011) Gestantes que tem HIV/AIDS no contexto da transmissão vertical: visibilidade da produçãocientificanacionalnaárea da saúde. Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 3, 2109-2125.
[16]
Souza, C.D.P., Piantino, C.B., Queiroz, C.A., Maia, M.A.C., Fortuna, C.M. and Andrade, R.D. (2016) Regional Incidence of HIV Vertical Transmission among HIV-Positive Pregnant Women Treated at a Regional Reference Service. Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 8, 4526.
https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2016.v8i2.4526-4537
[17]
Konopka, C.K., Beck, S.T., Wiggers, D., Silva, A.K., Diehl, F.P. and Santos, F.G. (2010) Perfilclínico e epidemiológico de gestantesinfectadaspelo HIV em um serviço do sul do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 32, 184-190.
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-72032010000400006&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032010000400006
[18]
Hernando, V., Alejos, B., Montero, M., Pérez-Elias, M., Blanco, J.R., Giner, L., et al. (2017) Reproductive History before and after HIV Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in HIV-Positive Women in Spain. Medicine (United States), 96, 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005991
[19]
Giffin, K. and Costa, S.H. (1999) Questões da saúdereprodutiva [Internet]. Editora Fiocruz. http://books.scielo.org/id/t4s9t
https://doi.org/10.7476/9788575412916
[20]
Mitiku, I., Arefayne, M., Mesfin, Y. and Gizaw, M. (2016) Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-Up among Women in Option B+ PMTCT Programme in Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 19, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.1.20662
[21]
Kweyamba, M., Buregyeya, E., Kusiima, J., Kweyamba, V. and Mukose, A.D. (2018) Loss to Follow-Up among HIV Positive Pregnant and Lactating Mothers on Lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy for PMTCT in Rural Uganda. Advances in Public Health, 2018, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7540587
