海岛淡水透镜体研究进展及可持续发展展望
Review and Prospect of Sustainable Development of Island Freshwater Lens

DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2019.82024, PP. 199-208

Keywords: 淡水透镜体，形成理论，影响因素，可持续发展策略
Freshwater Lens, Formation Theory, Influencing Factors, Sustainable Development Strategy

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Abstract:

淡水透镜体作为海岛地区除雨水外的宝贵天然淡水资源，对于满足海岛居民用水需求及生态系统维护至关重要。然而，淡水透镜体形成不易，它是极易受到自然因素和人类活动影响的脆弱含水层类型。因此，如何做到既能最大限度满足岛上居民用水需求，又不造成透镜体难以恢复的破坏，是一个科学技术难题。本文系统介绍了淡水透镜体的形成机理和影响因素，综述了国内外有关海岛淡水透镜体的最新研究进展。发现三维模型在淡水透镜体的应用方面日臻成熟，但受模型理论和海岛复杂水文地质条件的限制，普遍缺乏考虑多因素影响的海岛淡水透镜体形成与机制研究，这给海岛淡水透镜体的持续开发利用带来了挑战。未来应重视海岛水资源系统观测，结合统计方法和GIS等手段，加强海岛地区多水文过程及可持续的海岛水资源综合保障与管理策略研究。
As a valuable natural fresh water resource except rain water in the island area, freshwater lens is very important to meet the water demand in the island. However, freshwater lens is not easy to form and is vulnerable to natural factors and human activities. Therefore, how to meet the maximum water needs of the island residents without causing a lens is a difficult problem in science and technology. This paper systematically introduces the formation mechanism and influencing factors of freshwater lens in island, and reviews the newly study progress of sea island freshwater lens. It is found that the application of 3D model in freshwater lens is becoming more and more mature, but limited by the model theory and complex hydrogeological conditions of islands, and the formation and mechanism of freshwater lens in islands with the consideration of multiple factors are generally lacking. This brings challenges to the sustainable development and utilization of fresh water lens in islands. Therefore, we should pay attention to the conventional systematic observation of the present water resources, and strengthen the study of hydrological processes in islands by means of geostatistics and GIS, as well as the sustainable integrated management of the island water resources.

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