综述国际流域生态修复发展趋势及借鉴意义
Review the Development Trend of Ecological Restoration in International Watersheds and Its Reference Significance

本研究将国外流域生态修复发展进程划分为单一流域问题治理和综合目标流域治理两个阶段，单一流域问题整治阶段可分为水资源时期与水质时期；综合目标流域整治阶段可分为水生态时期(主要是生物多样性)和多功能时期(综合社会需求以及城乡发展)。本研究将国际流域生态修复发展趋势总结为：流域生态修复目标的多元化–流域生态型修复措施的再自然化–流域生态修复主体的公众化。本研究将国际流域生态修复的经验对我国流域生态修复的启示总结为以下几个方面：1) 以流域为单元的国土空间整治修复应以水为核心；2) 国土空间流域整治修复需要确定目标的优先级；3) 流域问题应该多功能系统整治；4) 流域问题应根据城市化程度和自然要素进行分区治理；5) 流域治理应建立完善的“监测、评价、规划”循环体系，且以问题为导向保证规划的落实；6) 流域治理应注重多层面全方位参与和立法支撑；7) 科研重点应侧重于对本土生态系统的详细区划与物种结构、本土生态系统自然演替路径、流域生态系统弹性阈值三方面的研究；8) 针对不同地区发展状况应区别借鉴国外流域治理经验。
The study divides the development process of international watershed ecological restoration into two stages: single watershed problem control and compound watershed problem control. The single watershed problem remediation stage can be divided into water resources period and water quality period. The comprehensive target watershed remediation stage can be divided into water ecological period (mainly biodiversity) and multi-functional period (combining social needs with urban and rural development). This study summarizes the development trend of international watershed ecological restoration as: the diversification of watershed ecological restoration objectives—the re-naturalization of watershed ecological restoration measures public participation in watershed ecological restoration. This study summarizes the enlightenment of the experience of international watershed ecological restoration to the ecological restoration of China’s river basins as follows: 1) Watershed-based ecological restoration of land space should be based on water; 2) Remediation of land space remediation needs to determine the priority of the problem; 3) Watershed problems should be rectified by multi-functional systems; 4) Watershed problems should be managed according to the degree of urbanization and natural factors; 5) A sound “monitoring, evaluation, planning” cycle system should be established, and problem-oriented to ensure the implementation of the plan; 6) Watershed governance should focus on multi-agent participation and legislative support; 7) Research should focus on the detailed zoning and species structure of native ecosystems, the natural succession path of native ecosystems, and the study of the elastic threshold of watershed ecosystems; 8) We should learn from the experience of foreign river basin management according to the development of different regions.