基于GIS的城市内涝成因分析及风险评估研究——以福州市主城区为例
Analysis of Causes and Risk Assessment of Urban Waterlogging Based on GIS—Taking the Main City of Fuzhou as an Example

DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2019.83027, PP. 224-233

Keywords: ArcGIS，城市内涝，内涝成因，风险评估
ArcGIS, Urban Waterlogging, Causes of Waterlogging, Risk Assessment

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Abstract:

随着城市化的快速发展，极端气候的影响，福州城区内涝频繁，应对内涝风险已经成为城市治理中的难题之一。本文以福州市江北城区为例，利用Mann-Kendall (M-K)以及非参数化Sen方法分析短历时降水规律，借助ArcGIS工具处理分析垫面、河网、管网等致涝因素。认为短历时降雨的增强、不透水地面比例的增高、特殊的地形、闽江潮水位顶托、河道淤堵等是内涝形成的主要原因。针对城市地区小尺度的内涝风险评估，在指标体系评估法和情景模拟法的基础上，提出内涝风险综合评估法，根据福州主城区内涝风险评估结果划分了高、中、低风险区域，并采用“玛利亚”台风涝点对评估结果进行了验证，证明风险评估成果是合理的，对福州城市防洪排涝规划和内涝点的治理具有实用性和适用性。
With the rapid development of urbanization and the impact of extreme climate, the urban waterlogging in Fuzhou is frequent, and coping with the risk of waterlogging has become one of the problems in urban governance. Taking Jiangbei District of Fuzhou City as an example, this paper uses Mann-Kendall (M-K) and non-parametric Sen method to analyze the short-duration precipitation law, and uses ArcGIS tool to process and analyze the waterlogging factors such as cushion, river network and pipeline network. It is considered that the main causes of waterlogging are the increase of short duration rainfall, the high proportion of impervious surface, the special topography, the top support of tidal level in Minjiang River and the siltation of river channel. Aiming at the small-scale waterlogging risk assessment in urban areas, based on the index system assessment method and scenario simulation method, a comprehensive waterlogging risk assessment method is proposed. According to the results of waterlogging risk assessment in the main urban area of Fuzhou, the high, medium and low risk areas are divided. The assessment results are verified by typhoon “Maria” waterlogging point, which proves that the risk assessment results are reasonable. It has practicability and applicability to the flood control and drainage planning of Fuzhou city and the control of waterlogging points.

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