保护区森林土壤水分物理性质及土壤涵蓄能力研究
Study on Forest Soil Moisture Physical Properties and Soil Water Holding Capacity in the Natural Reserve

DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2019.83034, PP. 280-289

Keywords: 土壤水分，物理性质，涵蓄能力，森林，保护区
Soil Moisture Physical Properties, Soil Water Holding Capacity, Forest, Natural Reserve

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Abstract:

广东陈禾洞省级自然保护区的主要保护对象是以涵养水源和保持水土为目的的森林生态系统。为摸清保护区森林土壤涵蓄水分能力，采取土壤环刀法采集样品并分析了0~100 cm层次的土壤水分物理性质，研究了土壤涵蓄水分能力。结果表明：保护区森林土壤容重值较小，变化在0.94~1.38 g？cm^-3之间；非毛管孔隙变化在8%~15%之间，总孔隙度则变化在45%~56%之间；静态的土壤饱和持水量可达4895 t？hm^-2，非毛管持水量为1105 t？hm^-2，土壤涵蓄降水量为2259 t？hm^-2。表明陈禾洞保护区森林土壤具有良好的涵蓄水分能力。逐步回归分析表明土壤总孔隙度、非毛管/毛管孔隙度比例、土壤容重和森林群落Shannon-Weiner物种多样性指数，是反映森林土壤涵蓄水分能力大小的主要因子。
The Chenhedong Natural Reserve of Guangdong Province is established to protect forest ecosystems, and consequently maintain the capacity of water and soil conservation. In order to clarify the water holding capacity of the forests, we investigated the soil moisture physical properties along a soil depth of 0~100 cm using ring sampler method. Results showed that: soil bulk density of the studied forest was very low, with the average value ranging from 0.94 g？cm？3 to 1.38 g？cm^？3; soil non-capillary porosity fluctuated between 8% and 15%, and soil total porosity ranged from 45% to 56%. The soil statically saturated water holding capacity could be up to 4895 t？hm^？2; soil non-capillary water holding capacity and soil absorption precipitation was 1105 t？hm^？2 and 2259 t？hm^？2, respectively, indicating a high water holding capacity of the forest ecosystems. Further, a stepwise regression analysis revealed that the water holding capacity was mainly determined by soil total porosity, non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity ratio, bulk density and Shannon-Weiner diversity of vegetation community.

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