清代汾河流域洪涝灾害发展与土壤侵蚀之关系
Relationship between Flood Disaster and Soil Erosion of the Fenhe River in the Qing Dynasty

DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2019.83033, PP. 274-279

Keywords: 清代，汾河流域，洪涝灾害，土壤侵蚀
The Qing Dynasty, Fenhe River, Flood, Soil Erosion

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

在对地方史志及清宫档案中相关史料进行统计整理和量化分析的基础上，应用滑动平均和斯波曼秩次相关检验两种趋势分析方法，对清代汾河流域洪涝灾害的发展趋势进行研究，结果显示268年间洪涝灾害的严重程度呈增长趋势；通过对同期人口、耕地数量等社会因素变化情况的分析，探寻了洪涝灾害数量增长的原因。结论认为：清代人口的迅速增加导致建筑用材和燃料的需求大增，伴随而来的开垦荒地和砍伐山林植被等人类活动使该区土壤侵蚀量增加，从而导致河槽泥沙淤积、河道行洪能力降低等情况的发生，这些情况均使河流泛滥和破堤的风险增加，并最终导致流域水患数量不断增长。
On the basis of statistical collation and quantitative analysis of relevant historical materials in local his-tory records and Qing Archives, two trend analysis methods namely sliding average and Spearman rank correlation test are applied to study the development trend of flood disasters during the Qing Dynasty in the Fenhe River. The results show that the severity of flood disasters has increased in 268 years. Through the analysis of the changes in social factors such as population and cultivated land during the same period, the reasons for the increase of flood were explored. The conclusion is that the rapid increase of population during the Qing Dynasty led to a large demand increase for building materials and fuels. The accompanying activities of reclamation and deforestation increased the amount of soil erosion and resulted in channel sedimentation. Therefore, the risk of flooding and breaking banks increased, and eventually led to an increase in the number of floods in the basin.

References

[1]	山西省水利厅编纂. 汾河志[M]. 太原: 山西人民出版社, 2006: 144-150. The Water Resources Department of Shanxi Provincial. Fenhe Zhi. Taiyuan: Shanxi People’s Publishing House, 2006: 144-150. (in Chinese)
[2]	任世芳. 汾河流域水资源与水安全[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015: 70-74. REN Shifang. Water resources and water security in the Fenhe River Basin. Beijing: Science Press, 2015: 70-74. (in Chi-nese)
[3]	丁晶, 邓育仁. 随机水文学[M]. 成都: 成都科技大学出版社, 1988: 77-78. DING Jing, DENG Yuren. Random hydrology. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press, 1988: 77-78. (in Chinese)
[4]	王文圣, 丁晶, 金菊良. 随机水文学[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2008: 34-35. WANG Wensheng, DING Jing and JIN Juliang. Random hydrology. Beijing: China Water Resources and Hydropower Press, 2008: 34-35. (in Chinese)
[5]	任世芳. 黄河环境与水患[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2011: 164-173. REN Shifang. The environment and flooding in the Yellow River. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 2011: 164-173. (in Chi-nese)
[6]	王尚义, 任世芳. 唐至北宋黄河下游水患加剧的人文背景分析[J]. 地理研究, 2004, 23(3): 385-394. WANG Shangyi, REN Shifang. A cultural background analysis on the intensification of floods in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from the Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. Geographic Research, 2004, 23(3): 385-394. (in Chinese)
[7]	李英明, 潘军峰 主编. 山西河流[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004: 33-34. LI Yingming, PAN Junfeng, Eds. Shanxi river. Beijing: Science Press, 2004: 33-34. (in Chinese)
[8]	王尚义, 张慧芝. 历史时期汾河上游生态环境演变研究——重大事件及史料编年[M]. 太原: 山西出版集团, 山西人民出版社, 2008: 360-364; 387-388. WANG Shangyi, ZHANG Huizhi. Research on the evolution of ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Fenhe River in historical period——Major events and historical materials. Taiyuan: Shanxi Publishing Group, Shanxi People’s Publishing House, 2008: 360-364; 387-388. (in Chinese)
[9]	王尚义, 任世芳. 历史流域学研究视野中的水患——谈流域内人地关系与泥沙淤积.[N]. 光明日报, 2010-11-04 (07). WANG Shangyi, REN Shifang. Floods in the field of vision of historical basin studies: On the relationship between man-land and sedimentation in the basin. Guangming Daily, 2010-11-04 (07). (in Chinese)

Full-Text