枢纽网约车停车选择行为与管理策略研究
Study on Parking Selection Behavior and Management Strategies of Online Car-Hailing in Hub

DOI: 10.12677/OJTT.2019.83019, PP. 155-165

Keywords: 网约车，停车行为，停车费率，非集计模型，停车管理策略
Online Car-Hailing, Parking Behavior, Parking Rate, Disaggregate Model, Parking Management Strategy

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Abstract:

网约车出行在城市公共出行服务中占有一定比例，其在机场、火车站等城市对外交通枢纽区域的停车行为引发了新的停车管理需求。为了深化研究网约车在枢纽区域的停车需求，本文以机场网约车的停车行为为研究对象，采用RP/SP相结合的方法，采集并分析停车行为数据，筛选停车行为的影响因素，依据效用理论，确定免费停车时长、停车费率等变量与停车选择概率之间的数学函数关系，建立停车效用最大化为目标的停车选择行为的BL模型。研究结果表明：停车费率、免费停车时长、停车点到航站楼距离、违停惩罚力度对网约车停车选择行为有显著影响。当停车费率 > 10元/小时且<25元/小时，网约车停车选择概率的变化值较大；当免费停车时长 > 20 min且<40 min时，网约车停车选择概率的变化率较大；当停车场位置距离进出站口 > 250 m时，网约车停车选择概率显著降低；违停惩罚措施对网约车停车选择行为有显著影响。该研究结果有助于优化管理策略，提高机场陆侧停车系统的运行效率，提高上下客效率，规范机场停车行为。
Online car-hailing accounts for a certain proportion of urban public travel services, and its park-ing behavior in airports, railway stations and other urban external transport hub areas has trig-gered new parking management needs. In order to deepen the study of parking demand in hub areas for networked vehicles, this paper takes the parking behavior of airport network car ap-pointment as the research object, the RP/SP method is used to collect and analyze parking beha-vior data, screens the influencing factors of parking behavior. According to the utility theory, the mathematical function relationship between the free parking time, the parking rate and other variables and the parking choice probability is determined, and a BL model in which the parking utility maximizes the target parking choice behavior is established. The result shows that parking rate, free parking time, distance from parking point to terminal, and penalty for parking violation have significant effects on parking choice behavior. When the parking rate is more than 10 Yuan/hour and less than 25 Yuan/hour, the change value of parking choice probability is larger; when the free parking time is longer than 20 minutes and less than 40 minutes, the change value of parking choice probability is larger; when the parking lot location is more than 250 m from the entrance and exit, the probability of parking choice is significantly reduced, and the penalty measures for parking violation have a significant impact on parking choice behavior. The research results are helpful to optimize the management strategy, improve the operation efficiency of the airport land parking system, improve the efficiency of passengers, and standardize the parking behavior of the airport.

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