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综述无线传感器网络路由算法
A Survey on Routing Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks

DOI: 10.12677/HJWC.2019.93015, PP. 119-129

Keywords: 路由算法，网络拓扑，能量消耗，网络寿命，传感器网络
Routing Algorithms, Network Topologies, Energy’s Depletion, Network Lifetime, Wireless Sensor Networks

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Abstract:

传感器网络是由能量有限的传感器通过自组织形成的自助网络，其拓扑结构由作为构成元素的传感器依据发射信号的强弱构建而成。研究工作者从不同的角度，侧重不同的性能指标，设计了大量的传感器网络的路由算法。依据相应的路由算法，让数据信息在网络收集与存储转发，完成数据从源点送到汇聚点的任务。传感器网络的路由算法各异，对已有路由算法的总结分类，有助于设计出新的算法。我们从拓扑控制、能量优化与传输耗能控制、网络的服务质量等角度，综述路由算法，将路由算法归纳分类。认为路由算法的最终目的，在于让无线传感器网络的性能指标达到预定的要求，延长网络寿命，同时使网络具有好的健壮性。
Wireless sensor networks are self-organized and consist of sensors with limited energy whose topological structures are constructed according to the strength of the signal transmitted by sen-sors as constituent elements. The researchers have designed a large number of routing algorithms from different perspectives and focusing on the performances of wireless sensor networks. Data are sent from the source to the sink in the wireless sensor networks by the means of the collection, storage and forwarding of data signals. We review and classify heterogeneous routing algorithms on wireless sensor networks. Those issues are considered in the points of topology control, energy optimization, transmission energy consumption control and the quality of the network service, etc. We think the ultimate purpose of the routing algorithms is to prolong network lifetime while making the network robust. In the meantime, let the performances of wireless sensor networks meet the predetermined requirement.

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