基于多时相遥感生态指数的粤港澳大湾区生态环境变化研究
Ecological Environment Changing Research Based on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Ecological Index of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

以粤港澳大湾区为研究区，利用3个时相的Landsat系列遥感数据，提取绿度、湿度、温度、干度4个指标，通过主成分分析建立遥感生态指数，定量评价粤港澳大湾区生态环境状况变化，研究表明：2008年粤港澳大湾区生态环境质量以优等级与良等级为主，其面积所占比例达98.40%；2013年和2017年该地区生态环境质量以优等级为主，其面积所占比例分别达86.21%和86.45%；三个年份中生态环境质量较差和差的等级所占面积比例均较小。2008~2013年间，生态环境质量优的面积大幅增加，增长比例为37.39%；2013~2017年间，生态环境质量等级较差和差的面积比例有所减少，分别减少了0.1%和0.4%。粤港澳大湾区生态环境质量的下降与植被覆盖度的减少和地表温度的升高有着密切关系。
Taking Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as a research area, using the mul-ti-temporal Landsat series of remote sensing data, four indicators of greenness, humidity, tem-perature and dryness were extracted, and the remote sensing ecological index was established by principal component analysis to quantitatively evaluate the ecological environment of GBA. The situation changes, the research shows that: the ecological environment quality of GBA was domi-nated by excellent grades and good grades in 2008, accounting for 98.40% of the area; the ecolog-ical environment quality of the region was dominated by excellent grades in 2013 and 2017. The proportion of the area is 86.21% and 86.45% respectively; in the three years, the proportion of the ecological environment with poor quality and poor grade is small. Between 2008 and 2013, the area of excellent eco-environment quality increased significantly, with a growth rate of 37.39%. From 2013 to 2017, the proportion of eco-environmental quality grades and poor areas decreased by 0.1% and 0.4% respectively. The decline of ecological environment quality in GBA is closely related to the decrease of vegetation coverage and the increase of surface temperature.