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咖啡渣资源化利用研究进展
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Abstract:
咖啡是备受人们喜爱的饮品，但在咖啡制造过程中会产生大量的咖啡渣(Spend Coffee Grounds, SCG)，大约1吨咖啡豆可以生成650 kg SCG。相比咖啡产业高速发展，SCG的处置仍停留在粗放的填埋处理，即浪费了大量资源也为生态埋下了隐患。SCG中含有大量脂肪酸、氨基酸、多酚、矿物质与多糖等有机化合物，对其进行资源化利用是保证咖啡产业可持续发展的必要手段。通过文献调研，国内外对SCG的资源化利用研究主要围绕如下几个方面进行：回收SCG中的特异性化合物、利用SCG的特异性结构生产活性炭及碳复合材料、利用SCG热值生产生物燃料以及对SCG堆肥。研究发现，现阶段SCG资源化利用主要是针对SCG某一特点进行，虽然实现了SCG的部分资源化利用，但仍有较大浪费和污染。SCG综合利用方案的研究尚处于起步阶段，有待进一步的深入探究，以实现各单元间的协调匹配，降低成本，实现产业化。
Coffee is a popular drink. While Coffee is popular in the world, a large number of coffee residue (Spend Coffee Grounds, SCG) produced in the coffee manufacturing process is easily overlooked. About 1 ton of coffee beans can produce 650 kg SCG. Compared with the rapid development of the coffee industry, the disposal of SCG still remains in the landfill stage of extensive landfill disposal, which means that a large quantity of resources is wasted and hidden dangers for the ecology. SCG contains a large amount of organic compounds such as fatty acids, amino acids, polyphenols, min-erals and polysaccharides. Resource utilization is a necessary means to ensure the sustainable development of the coffee industry. Through literature research, the research on the resource uti-lization of SCG at home and abroad mainly focuses on the following aspects: recovery of specific compounds in SCG, production of activated carbon and carbon composites using the specific structure of SCG, production of biofuels using SCG calorific value, and composting SCG. The study found that the current use of SCG resources is mainly for a certain feature of SCG. Although some of the resource utilization of SCG is realized, there is still a lot of waste and pollution. The research on the comprehensive utilization scheme of SCG is still at the initial stage, which needs to be further explored to realize the coordination and matching among various units, reduce costs and realize industrialization.
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