功能性近红外光谱成像(fNIRS)在决策中的应用
The Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Decision Making Research

DOI: 10.12677/AP.2019.98176, PP. 1435-1445

Keywords: 功能性近红外光谱成像，决策，神经机制
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Decision Making, Neural Mechanism

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Abstract:

功能性近红外光谱成像(fNIRS)现已逐渐成为探究决策的神经机制的一项重要的研究工具，利用具有高生态效度的fNIRS技术考察决策背后的神经机制或许可以真正解答“人类是如何做出决策”这一科学问题。本文首先总结fNIRS研究决策神经机制的优势，其次梳理了决策领域应用fNIRS的研究进展，目前已经在风险决策、跨期决策、社会决策和消费者决策等领域探究了决策的性别差异、人格差异、群体差异等现象及其神经机制。最后指出未来可以充分利用fNIRS的优势开展多模态、特殊群体等更为广泛的研究，优化分析方法，进一步阐释人类决策过程的心理机制。
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become an important research tool for ex-ploring the neural mechanisms of decision making gradually. The scientific answer of “how hu-man beings make decisions” could be examined by neural mechanism under decision making, which can be measured by fNIRS with higher ecological validity. This paper first summarizes the advantages of fNIRS when exploring neural mechanisms under decision making, and then we review the progress of fNIRS research in decision making field. At present, researchers have ex-plored the phenomenon and neural mechanisms of gender differences, personality differences, group differences in risk decision making, inter-temporal choice, social decision making and consumer decision making. Finally, it points out that combining with other neuroimage tech-nologies, conducting research with abnormal individuals, and optimizing analytical methods by taking advantages of fNIRS could explain the psychological mechanism of human decision mak-ing in the future.

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