飞机装配中激光跟踪仪转站精度热补偿方法研究
Research on Thermal Compensation Method of Laser Tracker Re-Location Accuracy in Aircraft Assembly

激光跟踪仪转站精度是影响飞机装配质量的重要因素。装配现场温度变化导致ERS点位置产生偏移，已经成为影响激光跟踪仪转站精度的最大误差源。为了提高转站精度，本文提出一种基于精密热变形理论的激光跟踪仪转站精度补偿方法，该方法通过比较ERS点的实际测量值和转站参数计算值，来估计ERS点在X, Y, Z方向上的形体热变形系数。利用迭代的方法对ERS点的实际位置进行修正，并逐步逼近真实的转站参数。工程实例证明本文所提出的补偿方法具有很好的补偿精度，其中最大转站误差最大降低38.6%，平均转站误差下降38.7%。
The measurement accuracy of the laser tracker is one of the most important factors that impact the aircraft assembly quality. The temperature alteration in assembly factory will result in location movements of ERS points, which has become a crucial problem in re-locating the laser tracker. To improve the relocation accuracy of laser tracker, a new compensation method based on precise thermal deformation error theory is proposed in this paper. By comparing the nominal coordinates and measured coordinates of ERS points, the deformation compensation coefficients of ERS points in X, Y, Z directions of assembly coordinate system are calculated, and iterative method is developed in registration process to correct the coordinates of ERS points and obtain the optimal transformation parameters. Finally, the engineering example shows that the compensation method has good compensation precision, with our new compensation method, the maximum registration error can be reduced by 38.6%, and the average registration error can be reduced by 38.7%.