本文利用1957~2018年天津蓟州地面常规气象观测站逐日日平均气温、日最低气温、日最高气温和降水量资料及42个区域站从建站到2018年逐小时气温和降水等资料。采用5日滑动平均、气候倾向率等方法，分析了气象条件对天津蓟州桑梓西瓜生长发育的影响，结果表明：1) 桑梓镇各生育期气温适宜率分别为0.90、0.92、0.59、0.71、0.83、0.57，表明桑梓镇萌芽期、幼苗期及坐果期气温条件适宜西瓜生长发育；2) 桑梓镇各生育期冷或热害率分别为0.10、0.08、0.41、0.29、0.17、0.43，表明西瓜在萌芽期和幼苗期基本不受冷害影响，有利于其生长发育；而在抽蔓期和成熟期受热害影响多；3) 各生育期年均连阴雨日数最少地区分别位于蓟州北部及南部、东部、西北部、东部、南部、西南部，其中，桑梓镇位于蓟州西南部，遭受连阴雨日数较少，有利于西瓜生长和发育；4) 桑梓西瓜萌芽期无暴雨，其余各生育期暴雨灾害最小的地区分别位于蓟州南、东、东、南、北部；5) 综合表明，桑梓镇适宜西瓜种植。
In this paper, the daily average temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily maximum temperature and precipitation data of the ground conventional meteorological observation station in Jizhou, Tianjin from 1957 to 2018 and the hourly temperature and precipitation data of 42 regional stations from the establishment to 2018 are used. The effects of meteorological conditions on the growth and development of Sangzi watermelon in Jizhou, Tianjin were analyzed by means of 5-day moving average and climate tendency rate. The results showed that: 1) the suitable rates of temperature in each growth period of Sangzi town were 0.90, 0.92, 0.59, 0.71, 0.83 and 0.57, respectively, which indicated that the temperature in germination period, seedling period and fruit setting period of Sangzi town was suitable for the growth and development of watermelon; 2) the rate of cold or heat injury was 0.10, 0.08, 0.41, 0.29, 0.17 and 0.43 in each growth period of Sangzi Town, which indicated that watermelon was not affected by cold injury in germination and seedling period, which was beneficial to its growth and development, but was most likely to be affected by heat injury in vine drawing and mature period; 3) the areas with the lowest number of continuous rainy days in each growth period are respectively located in the north and south, east, northwest, east, south and southwest of Jizhou, among which Sangzi town is located in the southwest of Jizhou, with less continuous rainy days, which is conducive to the growth and development of watermelon; 4) there was no rainstorm in the germination stage of Sangzi watermelon, and the areas with the least rainstorm disaster in other growth stages were located in the south, east, east, south and north of Jizhou; 5) the comprehensive results show that Sangzi town is suitable for watermelon planting.
