为全面了解浙江省杨梅果园土壤养分状况,对全省杨梅不同产区具有代表性的果园进行实地取样,从而系统地分析了果园土壤的pH值、有机质、土壤营养元素和重要生命元素的全量和有效量。结果表明:浙江省杨梅主产区果园土壤呈酸性,pH 3.97~6.15,大部分果园有机质含量偏低,土壤全氮0.61~2.1 g?kg?1,含量丰富,有效氮含量丰缺不一,全磷含量很低而有效磷含量极高,呈两极分化的现象。大部分果园全K含量偏低,速效K含量地域差异大,变异系数为101.5%。1/3的果园有效Ca含量偏低,其他果园有效Ca含量偏高或很高,总Mg含量变幅较大,测量范围从232.88~2035.6 mg?kg?1;有效Mg含量严重不足;总Zn集中在35~71.58 mg?kg?1,表明含量分布较为均匀;有效Zn含量各地差异大。所有供试土壤有效B含量丰富。本研究提出了杨梅土壤营养吸收的参考值,明确了磷素施用的临界指标,完善丰富了浙江省乃至全国杨梅土壤营养吸收利用关系,是对既往研究的深化创新,为杨梅的合理施肥、果实品质提高提供技术依据。
In order to comprehensively understand the soil nutrient status of Chinese bayberry orchards in Zhejiang province, soil from different representative bayberry orchards were sampled and the pH value, organic matter, soil nutrient elements and the total and effective amount of vital elements were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the soil from bayberry main producing area in Zhejiang Province was acidic, pH was from 3.97 to 6.15, and the organic matter content of most orchards was low. The total nitrogen in the soil ranges from 0.61 to 2.1 g?kg?1, which was rich in content, but the effective nitrogen showed a significant difference among all representative orchards (some orchards lacked nitrogen, while some orchards were rich in nitrogen). The total phosphorus content of tested soil from all orchards was very low but the effective phosphorus content was extremely high, showing a phenomenon of polarization. Most of the orchards had low K content, and the effective K content varied greatly, with a coefficient of variation of 101.5%. 1/3 of total representative orchards soil had the low effective Ca content, and other orchards soil had the high or extremely high effective Ca content. The total Mg content varied greatly, and the measurement range was from 232.88 mg?kg?1 to 2035.6 mg?kg?1, and the effective Mg content was seriously insufficient. The total Zn content range was between 35 mg?kg?1 and 71.58 mg?kg?1, indicating that the content distribution from different orchards was relatively uniform, and the effective Zn content showed a significant difference among different sites. All tested soils were rich in B content. This study puts forward the reference value of soil nutrient absorption of bayberry, then clarifies the critical index of phosphorus application, and enriches the nutrient absorption and utilization relationship of Chinese bayberry soil in Zhejiang province and even the whole country. It is an innovative study of