仁和烟区土壤肥力状况时空变化综合评价
Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Fertility and Spatial-Temporal Characteristics in Sichuan’s Renhe Tobacco-Growing Areas

DOI: 10.12677/HJAS.2020.101009, PP. 59-68

Keywords: 土壤肥力，时空演变，综合评价，主成分分析
Soil Fertility, Spatial-Temporal, Comprehensive Evaluation, Principal Component Analysis

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

协调的土壤养分状况和较高的土壤综合肥力是作物优质高产的保障。本文采用主成分分析和等间距聚类分析方法对攀枝花市仁和烟区植烟土壤养分和肥力状况进行综合评价。研究结果表明：1) 土壤pH值和碱解氮适中，有机质、水溶性氯偏低；速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁丰富；2011~2017年pH值稍有升高、有机质和水溶性氯稍有降低，速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁大幅度上升。2) 2015~2017年土壤肥力综合得分IFI值的变幅为0.19~0.82，变异系数较2009~2010年降低，IFI平均值为0.52，较2009~2010年提高；主要是中、低海拔IFI值提高，高海拔降低；不同海拔高度土壤的综合肥力指标值大小为中海拔 > 高海拔 > 低海拔。3) 两次普查显示土壤养分各个指标对肥力综合评价值贡献变异较大，说明连年化肥施用导致土壤养分不平衡加剧。
Harmonious soil nutrient and highly comprehensive fertility are guaranteed of high quality and high yield of crops. In this paper, principal component analysis and equidistant cluster analysis were used to evaluate the status of soil nutrients and fertility. The results showed that: 1) The pH value and available nitrogen were suitable; organic matter and water-soluble chlorine were low; available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were rich. From 2011 to 2017, pH value was slightly increased, organic matter and water-soluble chlorine ware decreased gradually; available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium increased significantly. 2) The IFI value of the whole soil samples range from 0.19 to 0.82 in 2017 year, with the average IFI value was 0.52, which was higher than that in 2010, but the coefficient of variation was lower than that in 2010. Comparing with 2010 year, IFI value of medium and low altitude in 2017 year was increased, while that of high altitude was decreased. The soil integrated fertility index of different altitudes was medium altitude > high altitude > low altitude. 3) Our results also showed that the contribution of various indexes of soil nutrients to the IFI value varied greatly, which indicated that the application of fertilizers in successive years led to the aggravation of soil nutrient imbalance.

References

[1]	Sehnitzer, M. (1991) Soil Organic Matter—The Next 75 Years. Soil Science, 151, 41-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199101000-00008
[2]	曹志洪, 周建民. 中国土壤质量[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008: 30-39.
[3]	马强, 宇万太, 赵少华, 等. 黑土农田土壤肥力质量综合评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1916-1920.
[4]	王林, 卢秀萍, 肖汉乾, 等. 浏阳植烟土壤肥力状况的综合评价[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2006, 40(6): 597-600.
[5]	许自成, 刘国顺, 刘金海, 等. 铜山烟区生态因素和烟叶质量特点[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(7): 1748-1753.
[6]	王晖, 邢小军, 许自成. 攀西烟区紫色土pH值与土壤养分的相关分析[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2007(6): 19-22.
[7]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术版社, 2000.
[8]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 第3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[9]	周学文, 赵小敏, 胡国瑞, 等. 南方丘陵地区水田土壤养分变异分析[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2009, 31(5): 919-926.
[10]	赵辉, 邵素华, 谢东坡. 分析数据中离群值的处理方法[J]. 周口师范学院学报, 2004, 21(5): 70-71, 115.
[11]	刘琼峰, 李明德, 吴海勇, 等. 张家界烟区不同海拔高度植烟土壤特征与综合评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(11): 132-138.
[12]	郭明全, 胡建新, 张宗锦. 攀枝花烟区土壤pH分布特点及其与土壤有效养分的关系[J]. 西南农业学报, 2012, 25(4): 1338-1341.
[13]	曾庆宾, 杨军伟, 徐祥玉, 等. 攀枝花烟区土壤酸碱及钙、镁变化分析[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2017, 56(6): 1052-1055.
[14]	杨军伟, 曾庆宾, 张瑞平, 等. 攀枝花市烟区土壤有机质及氮素变化分析[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2016, 55(9): 2195-2197.
[15]	田飞, 罗建新, 严红星, 等. 常德市植烟土壤养分状况与评价[J]. 粮食科技与经济, 2019, 44(1): 133-136.
[16]	孟赐福, 傅庆林, 水建国, 等. 浙江中部红壤施用石灰对土壤交换性钙、镁及土壤酸度的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1999, 5(2): 129-136.
[17]	陈江华, 刘建利, 李志宏. 中国植烟土壤及烟草养分综合管理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008.
[18]	刘刚, 李浩, 董贤春, 等. 宜昌植烟土壤养分含量变化特征[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2019, 47(16): 187-190, 268.
[19]	胡国松, 郑伟, 王震东. 烤烟营养原理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000: 55-57.
[20]	李强, 周冀衡, 何伟, 等. 中国主要烟区烤烟氯含量区域特征研究[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2010(2): 49-54.
[21]	张翔, 范艺宽, 黄元炯, 等. 烤烟吸收氯的主要来源及其在体内分布的研究[J]. 土壤肥料, 2006(2): 62-64.
[22]	闫芳芳, 苏兆俊, 张映杰, 等. 攀枝花烟区土壤水溶性氯含量及其氯肥适宜用量研究[J]. 天津农业科学, 2018, 24(11): 69-74.

Full-Text