供求视角下金融功能与行业比较优势提升——文献综述
Research on the Relation between Financial Function and the Improvement of Industry Comparative Advantage from the Perspective of Supply and Demand—Literature Review

从静态供给和动态需求两个角度分别综述金融体系的功能与特定行业比较优势提升之间的理论关系。从金融供给角度，金融体系主要通过提高融资效率与风险分散能力等，提升外部融资依赖型与风险密集型等行业的比较优势。从金融需求角度，经济体所处发展阶段决定了当时具有比较优势的主导行业，该行业内企业的规模与风险特性决定了最适宜该行业发展的金融安排。从需求出发的最优金融结构理论是对静态金融供给理论的系统性深化。未来可以向研究对象的微观化、开放金融、政府与市场的作用边界等多个研究方向拓展。
This paper reviews the theoretical relationship between the function of the financial system and the improvement of the comparative advantage of specific industries from the perspective of static supply and dynamic demand. From the perspective of financial supply, the financial system mainly improves the comparative advantage of external financing-dependent and risk-intensive industries by improving financial efficiency and risk diversification ability. From the perspective of financial demand, the development stage of the economy determines the dominant industry with comparative advantage at that time, and the size and risk characteristics of enterprises in the industry determine the financial arrangement most suitable for the development of the industry. The theory of optimal financial structure based on demand is a systematic deepening of the static financial supply theory. In the future, the research direction can be extended to the research object’s microcosm, open finance, and the function boundary of government and market.