为了研究电动汽车在实际道路中的能耗，本文采用六辆纯电动汽车进行为期一年的固定路线测试，道路条件分为市区拥堵、市区通畅、郊区通畅、郊区高速等四条路线。在实际道路试验中，春季和秋季不开启空调进行测试，夏季和冬季分为开启空调和关闭空调两种情况进行测试，研究了季节、空调、路况、驾驶习惯等对能耗的影响。结果表明：1) 电动汽车对郊区畅通路况适应性较好；2) 开空调后能耗增长10%以上；3) 夏季能耗比其它季节低；4) 驾驶习惯会影响电动汽车能耗。
In order to study the energy consumption of electric vehicles on actual roads, this paper uses six pure electric vehicles to conduct a one-year fixed route test. The road conditions are divided into four routes: urban congestion, urban smooth, suburban smooth, and suburban high-speed. In the actual road test, air conditioning is not tested in spring and autumn, and air conditioning is tested in summer and winter. The effects of season, air conditioning, road conditions and driving habits on energy consumption are studied. The results show that: 1) The electric vehicle has better adaptability to the suburban smooth; 2) Vehicle energy consumption increased by more than 10% after turning on air conditioner; 3) The summer energy consumption is lower than other seasons; 4) Driving habits will affect the energy consumption of electric vehicles.
